k k . k, . k- .
:
2 1 -1 3
2 3 2 4 5
7 0 2 5
4 6 2 1 -1
2 3
|
|
2 1 0 2 5
1 -1 3
M1=a31=7. . M/1= 2 4 5 = -39
2 1 -1
k, MN-k. . .
. = M/1= 2 3 = -11
7 5
k i1, i2,...,ik j1, j2,,jk, k, . . Mk, (-1)i1+...+ik+j1++jk.
:
7 2 5 M1=a12=2 M1=aij, ij=(-1)i+j
-1 2 3 A12=(-1)1+2= -1 3 = 13
4 5 1 4 1
:
a11 a12 a1n
|
..........................
an1 an2 ann
d . .
d=ai1Ai1+ ai2Ai2++ ainAin.
-:
. ai1Ai1; ai2Ai2;...; ainAin. , ai1Ai1, . i- . ai1 . , ai1Ai1, .. => d . 2- . .
. , , . = n(n-1)!=n!
d n- k , d = k- , . . .
:
-4 1 2 -2 1
0 3 0 1 -5
D = 2 -3 1 -1 0
-1 -1 3 -1 0
0 4 0 2 5
k=2, j1=1, j2=3
-4 2 3 1 -5 -4 2 3 1 -5 2 -1 1 -2 1
(-1)1+3+1+3 2 1 -1 -1 0 + (-1)1+4+1+ 3 -1 3 -3 -3 1 + (-1)3+4+1+3 -1 3 3 1 -5 = -1069
4 2 5 4 2 5 4 2 5
Ia11 a12 a1n a11 0 0 d=a11*a22**ann
|
....................................................
0 0 ann an1 an2 ann
II0 0.a1n an1*an2* *an1
|
......................... n n-1 n-2 2 1 Sn-1=(a1+an-1(n-1))/2=n(n-1)/2
an1 an2 ann d=(-1)n(n-1)/2*a1n*a2n-1**an1.
. .
α1 __ β1 __ _ _ α1 + β1 _ _ λα1
: = α n- : = β α + β=: λα =:
αn βn αn + βn λαn
n- - . ., . - - .
. - α1,..., αs . , . k1,, ks (k12+...+ ks2≠0),
k1α1+...+ ksαs=0.
. - α1,..., αs . , - k1α1+...+ ksαs=0 => k1==ks.
|
|
- β . - α1,..., αs, . k1,, ks: β= k1α1+...+ ksαs.
. - β1,, βs, . α1,..., αs, βi(i=1;..;s) . . . - α1,..., αs.
2- .- . , .
( )
111+ 122+...+ 1nn=b1 11 12 1n b1
211+ 222+...+ 2nn=b2 21 22 2n b2
. ...
m11+ m22+...+ mnn=bm m1 m2 mn bm
. : 0, , , .
:
21+ 2+63=6 2 1 6 6 1 1 6 7 1 1 6 7 1 1 6 7
31+22+83=3 3 2 8 3 ~ 3 2 8 9 -3I ~ 0 -1 -10 -12 ~ 0 -1 -10 -12
1+2+63=7 1 1 6 7 2 1 6 6 -2I 0 -1 -6 -8 -I I 0 0 4 4
1+2+63=7 1=-1
-2-103= -12 2=2
43=4 3=1
:
21+72+33+4=6 2 7 3 1 6 -II -1 2 1 -1 2 -1 2 1 -1 2 r=2
31+52+23+24=4 3 5 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 4 +3I ~ 0 11 5 -1 10 n=4
91+42+3+4=2 9 4 1 1 2 -3II 0 -11 -5 1 -10 0 -11 -5 1 -10 n-r=2
1, 2 ; 3=3; 4=4 .
112+53-4=10; 2=(10-53+4)/11=10/11-53/11+4/11; 1-22-3-4= -2
1=2(10/11-53/11+4/11)+3-4-2= -2/11+3/11-94/11
2 10/11-53/11+4/11 10/11 -5 1 2=10/11
3 3 0 11 -9 3=0
4 4 0 0 11 4=0
.
111+ 122+...+ 1nn=b1 11 12 1n
211+ 222+...+ 2nn=b2 21 22 2n
.
n11+ n22+...+ nnn=bn n1 n2 nn
.
. . d≠0 :
xj=dj/d; j=1,,n
11 b1 1n
21 b2 2n
11 b1 1n
|
|
-:
|
|
|
|
|
+ + + = =
|
1) , . α1, α2,...,αn .
11α1+ 12α2+...+ 1nαn=b1 *A1j Aij aij
21α1+ 22α2+...+ 2nαn=b2 *A2j
. +
n1α1+ n2α2+...+ nnαn=bn *Anj
A1j (11α1+ 12α2+...+ 1nαn)= b1A1j
A2j (21α1+ 22α2+...+ 2nαn)= b2A2j
+
Anj (n1α1+ n2α2+...+ nnαn) = bn Anj
|
d, k=i,
= An1 ai1 + An2 ai2 ++ Ann ain = 0, k≠i. .
|
|
|
|
|
11 b1 1n
j
2) , . , .. αj=dj/d (j=1,..,n) . . .
|
|
d, k=i
0, k≠i