All establishments of higher medical education are financed and guided by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
Doctors of different specialties are trained at medical institutions of higher education, at medical universities and academies. There are also pharmaceutical academies, which train specialists in pharmacy.
Medical institutions of higher education offer various faculties and specialties which an entrant may choose according to his or her abilities and wishes. Nowadays a new examination system is being introduced. The so-called «The General State Exam» allows pupils to enter any institution of higher education according to its results.
Medical colleges train paramedical personnel: nurses, midwives, dental technicians and doctor’s assistants. The course of studies is 3-4 years.
The training at medical institutions of higher education takes 5 or 6 years. It consists of lectures, practical classes and medical practice. The attendance of lectures, practical classes and seminars is compulsory. Academic year begins on September the 1st and is divided into two semesters of four months each. At the end of each semester the students have to pass examinations and tests. If a student passes the exams well he gets a grant paid monthly.
The curriculum includes theoretical and clinical subjects. For the first two years students study pre-clinical subjects such as: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences, Latin and so on. They also study Human Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and Microbiology. Clinical subjects are taught from the third to the fifth or sixth year.
The students have practical course at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals and clinics. They master practical skills in clinical conditions. They are taught how to take and record the patient’s case history, to carry on medical examination of the patient, to make diagnosis, to prescribe treatment and carry on different medical procedures.
There are all facilities for talented students to carry on research work. They attend scientific societies at different departments where they are offered modern guidelines for research activity.
Having passed state examinations graduates receive their diplomas and can apply for clinical internship.
The post graduate course and the Institute of Post-Diploma and Additional Education are for doctors, who want to improve their qualification. During three years the post-graduate students prepare a thesis, defend it and obtain the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1 Who finances and guides the higher medical education in Russia?
2. Where are the doctors trained?
3. Where are the specialists in pharmacy trained?
4. Who may enter a medical institution of higher education?
6. Whom do the medical colleges train?
7. What is the course of training at the medical institution of higher education?
8. How many semesters has the academic year?
9. What subjects does the curriculum include?
10. Where do the students have medical practice?
11. What are the students taught during medical practice?
12. Where do the students carry on research work?
13. When do the graduates receive their diplomas?
14. Where can the doctors improve their qualification?
15. For what degree does the post-graduate student defend a thesis?
Задание 2. Закончите предложения логически, найдя окончание в правом столбце. Переведите их на русский язык.
| I. In all Russian medical institutions of higher education… | I. where they are offered modern guidelines for research activity. |
| 2. Clinical subjects are taught… | 2. at therapeutic, surgical and other departments. |
| 3. The students attend scientific societies… | 3. the training takes five or six years. |
| 4. The students have practical course… | 4. for the doctors, who want to improve their qualification. |
| 5. The post-graduate course is… | 5. from the third year. |
Задание 3. Задайте специальные вопросы, ответами на которые будут следующие предложения:
Model: – The course of training at medical institutions of higher education is six years.
– What is the course of training at medical institutions of higher education?
1. Medical schools train paramedical personnel. 2. The attendance of lectures is compulsory for all students. 3. Clinical subjects are taught from the third year. 4. The students have medical practice in clinics and hospitals. 5. Doctors can improve their qualification at the Institute of Post-Diploma and Additional Education.
Задание 4. Продолжите следующие утверждения. Выразите свое согласие или несогласие. Начните свое высказывание фразами: I agree with you that… I think you are not right saying that…
1. All entrants take entrance examinations.
2. Medical schools train doctors.
3. For the first two years students study pre-clinical subjects.
4. The students have medical practice from the second year.
5. After the State Examinations the graduates can apply for clinical internship.
6. Post-graduate student obtains the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Задание 5. Вы учитесь на 6 курсе лечебного факультета. Расскажите о своих занятиях, используя следующие словосочетания:
The final year of medical training, medical practice at the hospital, clinical internship, surgical department, to assist at operations, clinical conferences, to treat patients, to attend lectures, to take final examinations.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Запомните значение следующих слов и словосочетаний:
1. in oral form в устной форме
2. tuition обучение
3. charge плата, расходы
4. assistance помощь
5. grant стипендия
6. dissection препарирование
7. history taking сбор анамнеза
8. teaching hospital клиническая база
9. ward больничная палата
10. degree of Bachelor степень бакалавра
of Medicine (B.M.) медицины (присваиваемая
врачам-терапевтам)
11. degree of Doctor of степень доктора медицины
Medicine (M.D.)
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание.
