CALENDAR PLAN
| №№ | Name of work stages | Performance period of work stages | Note |
| Introduction with the thesis subject. Theme choosing | 10.04.16 | Done | |
| Investigation of distance determination methods | 19.04.16 | Done | |
| Main characteristics of a zimuthal omnidirectional beacon VOR-4000 | 29.04.16 | Done | |
| Researching of Long-DME radio beacons Features of construction of ground beacons DME | 12.05.16 | Done | |
| Function and structure of the navigation channel signals VOR | 25.05.16 | Done | |
| Investigation of A Phase Detector and its main characteristics | 1.06.16 | Done | |
| Modeling of digital lowpass filter of phase detector | 9.06.16 | Done | |
| Electronic version of report | Before defense | Done |
Student O.Matviychuk
Supervisor I.Prokopenko
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AB – Accumalator Bataries
AC – Aircraft
ACB – Accumulator Charges Box
AD – Amplitude Detector
AFD – Antenna Feedering Device
AI – Arrow Indicator
AM – Amplitude Modulation
Ap. C – Aperture Control
APR – Attenuator and Phase Rotator
AS – Antenna Switch
ATCT – Air Traffic Control Tower
BM – Balance Modulation
BSB – Box of Supplies Block
CB – Control Box
CME – Control Measuring Equipment
DAD – Distributed Antenna Device
DB – Distribution Board
DC – Directional Coupler
DMD – Difference Modulation Depth
DPD – Density of probabilities distribution
DS – Directional Section
F – Filter
GL – Glide Line
GPB – Glide Path Beacon
GS – Glide Slope
HFB – High Frequency Box
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization
IHRB – Inner Homing Radio Beacon
ILS – Instrumental Landing System
ISF – Indentification Signal Former
L/LOC – Localizer
LF – Low Frequency
LFO – Low Frequency Oscillator
NC – Narrow Channel
OHRB – Outer Homing Radio Beacon
PD – Power Devider
PPI – Pointer Position Indicator
R – Rectifier
REE – Radoielectronic Equipment
RF – Radio Frequency
SDF – Sum and Difference Former
SMI – Sensor Measuring Information
T – Transmitter
TPC – Toleance Power Control
UHF – Ultra High Frequency
VHF – Very High Frequency
WC – Wide Channel
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….…..8
1. DISTANCE DETERMINATION METHODS …………………………...…….….9
1.1. Frequency method of distance measuring……………………………………….….9
1.2. Phase methods of distance determination………………………………………….12
2. AZIMUTHAL OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON VOR-4000 …………15
2.1.Key Features of VOR-4000. Block diagram……………………………………....15
2.2.Long-DME radio beacons………………………………………………………....22
2.3. Distance Measuring Equipment system...…………………………………………25
2.4. DME Range measuring……………………………………………………………26
2.5. Equipment forming control signals and management……………………….......30
2.6. Function and structure of the navigation channel signals VOR……………..........35
3. PHASE DETECTOR AND ITS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS ………………..45
3. 1 Phase Detector Types……………………………………………………………...45
3.2. The operating principle of the channel bearing the phase measurement method...47
3.3. Phase detector computer modeling ……………………………………...……..48
CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………………………51
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………..53
INTRODUCTION
For radio systems range navigation and landing systems are providing positioning of the aircraft (aircraft) at a distance of 500 km with respect to the beacon, and the position of the aircraft relative to the runway while landing. Depending on the type of aircraft on board can be installed navigation and landing equipment or complex system of short-range navigation and landing.
The basis of short-range navigation systems (PRS) - a network of independent ground beacons (RM), which defines the parameters of the navigation. There are azimuth, long-range and long-range azimuthal beacons (RM), which is mounted on the ground and in the points corresponding to the characteristic parts of the airways. For RLS allocated plots the range of meter and decimeter waves, so their range of action is limited to a range of line of sight.
Navigation options range navigation systems - bearing and distance are determined on the aircraft with respect to the radio navigation points.
Types range navigation systems differ since the informative signal parameter used to determine navigation parameters, as well as the structure of the system as a whole. The most widely used system RSBN domestic and foreign ICAO standardized system VOR / DME.
DISTANCE DETERMINATION METHODS
Distance determination methods-it is the methods of establishing target distance and placement.
Types of ranging include echo,intermittent,manual,navigational,explosive echo,optical,radar,ect.
Members in the class of active ranging systems operate with unilateral transmission and passive reflections, as:
1. SONAR (= Sound Navigation And Ranging);
2. RADAR (= Radio Detection And Ranging);
3. LIDAR (= Light Detection And Ranging).
Special ranging makes use of actively synchronized transmission and travel time measurements, hence the time difference between several received signals is used to determine exact distances. This principle is used with SatNav, the Satellite Navigation class of systems. In conjunction with a standardized model of the Globe surface a certain location on the Globe may be determined with high accuracy. Ranging methods without accurate time synchronization of the receiver are called pseudorange, used e.g. in GPSpositioning.
With other systems ranging is obtained from passive radiation measurements only, hence the noise or radiation signature of the object is generating the signal that is computed for range. However such asynchronous method requires multiple measurements to obtain range by taking multiple bearings instead of appropriate scaling of active pings, otherwise the system is just capable to provide a simple bearing from any sole measurement.
Ranging is the term merely applying for distance metering with moving objects. Combining several metering results in a time sequence leads to tracking and tracing. Commonly used term for residing terrestrial objects is surveying.
