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:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

z = f (x; y) 0(x 0; y 0).

0(x 0; y 0) z = f (x; y), 0, (x; y) : f (x; y) ≤ f (x 0; y 0).

0(x0; y 0) z = f (x; y), 0, (x; y) : f (x; y) ≥ f (x 0; y 0).

.

.

 

1 ( ).
z = f (x; y) 0 (x 0; y 0) , 0:

 

z'x (x 0; y 0) = z'y (x 0; y 0) = 0.

. , .

 

, 0 , . .

 

2 ( ). z = f (x; y) (x 0; y 0) :

,

 

 

1) ∆ > 0, 0 z = f (x; y) , < 0 , > 0 ;

2) ∆ < 0, 0 ;

3) ∆ = 0, 0 , . .

 

.

z = x 2 + xy + y 2 2 x 3 y.

z'x = 2 x + y 2,

z'y = x + 2 y 3.

2 x + y 2 = 0

x + 2 y 3 = 0

y = 4/3, x = 1/3.

= 2 = A, = 1 = B, z''yy = 2 = C .

, .

z = f (x; y) g (x; y) = 0. z = f (x; y) ,
g (x; y) = 0 .

.

g (x; y) .

:

1)

g (x; y) = 0 y = φ(x) z = f (x; y) = f (x;φ(x)), .

, .

.

z = x 2 3 xy+ 12 x 6

2 x 3 y = 0.

y = 2 2/3 x, z = x 2 6 x + 2 x 2 + 12 x = 3 x 2 + 6 x.

z' = 6 x + 6 = 0, x = -1, y = 8/3.

, (-1;8/3) .

 

2)

:

 

L (x; y; λ) = f (x; y) + λ g(x; y).

 

, λ .

z = f (x; y) L (x; y; λ). :

.

z= x 2 3 xy + 12 x 6 2 x 3 y = 0.

:

L (x; y; λ) = x 2 3 xy + 12 x + λ(6 2 x 3 y)

, :

, (-1;8/3) .

 

, . , , . , , , . , , .

(x 0; y 0) , f (x 0; y 0) . (x; y) (x 0; y 0) .

f (x; y) < f (x 0; y 0), (x 0; y 0) ; f (x; y) > f (x 0; y 0), (x 0; y 0) .

- , , .

 

1

 

:

 

y
x
-1
-1
 
 
 

 

 

2

 

x 2 1,94, y 2 2,06.

: 0,24.

 

3

 

: .

 

4

 

 

.

:

 

 

 

 

: ;

.

 

5

 

.

:

1)

.

.

2)

.

3)

.

4)

.

.

: z , .

 

3.2





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: 2016-07-29; !; : 4136 |


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