Chapter 12. Word-formation
| 1 | -ion -ment -ance (-ence) -er (-or) -ant (-ent) -ness -ity -dom -ism -ist -ship | to decorate decoration to develop development to perform performance to work worker to assist assistant happy happiness active activity free freedom social socialism social socialist friend friendship |
| 2 | -able -ive -al -ful -less -ic -ous -y | to count countable to act - active continent continental beauty beautiful help helpless history historic mountain mountainous rain rainy |
| 3 ij | -ate -ize (-ise) -fy -en | to decorate to organize to electrify to broaden |
| 4 | -teen -ty -th | six sixteen six sixty six sixth |
| 5 | -ly | nice nicely |
| un- | to dress to undress important unimportant like unlike |
| dis- | to like to dislake appearance disappearance advantage disadvantage |
| mis- re- in- im- ir- de- non- pre- over- co- en- ex- anti- | to undersand to misunderstand to write to rewrite attentive inattentive possible impossible regular irregular to mobilize demobilize effective non-effective war prewar estimate overestimate existence coexistence large enlarge minister ex-minister war antiwar |
| counter- | balance counterbalance |
1 Which of the following verbs do not form their negatives with DIS-? Form the correct negatives of the given verbs:
| agree | appear | approve | believe |
| continue | do | dress | infect |
| inherit | like | obey | organise |
| place | please | prove | satisfy |
| trust |
2 DE- can be used with different meanings. Divide the following verbs formated with DE- into two groups:
When it means to remove or remove from the stated thing, e. g. defrost,
2) when it means reversing the process described by the original word, e. g. deactivate:
| decentralise | declassify | decode | decolonise |
| decompress | dehumanise | dehydrate | deindustrialise |
| delouse | dematerialise | demilitarise | demist |
| depoliticise | depopulate | deregulate | destabilise |
| dethrone |
Which of the following adjectives form their negatives with IN- and which with UN-?
| definite | deniable | dependent | desirable |
| destructible | determinable | dignified | direct |
| disciplined | discreet | disputable | distinctive |
| distinguished | drinkable | edible | edited |
| educated | effective | eligible | equal |
| estimable | even | just | exceptional |
| expected | explored | fair | faithful |
| fallible | familiar | fashionable | favourable |
| finite | flexible | forgettable | formal |
| fortunate | friendly | fulfilled | grammatical |
| grateful | healthy | identified | idiomatic |
| imaginable | important | intentional |
4 Look at these examples and add more of your own, using the root words below with one of the negative prefixes in this list:
|
|
|
DIS- disagree... IL- illegal...
IM- immature... IN- indirect...
IR- irregular... UN- uncomfortable...
| accurate | approve | convenient | decent |
| expected | familiar | kind | known |
| legible | like | literate | lucky |
| moral | obey | patient | personal |
| popular | possible | probable | regular |
| relevant | satisfied | tidy | tolerant |
| visible |
5 OVER- can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with OVER- into five groups:
When it means too much; excess of, e. g. overpaid,
When it means power, e. g. overcome,
When it means above, beyond, across, e. g. overseas,
When it means outer; covering, e. g. overalls,
