, . 5% 18%. , , , , , .
. , . , , . . -75 . , , , , , . , . , .
, . , . .
1. .. // . 1988. 1. . 99105. ().
2. .., .. // . . 1990. 9. . 39-42. ().
3. .. . , 1997. 605 .
4. - : , / . ... : , 2001. 572 .
5. .., .., .. . : / . .. . : , . -, 1994. 536 .
6. .., .., .., .. . V // . . . 2022 1991 . , 1991. . 1. . 4951.
|
|
7. .., .., .., .. . // - " , . , 2003. . 11-13.
8. .. // . . 1991. 4. . 64-69. ().
9. .., .., .., .. // : , 2- . . . , 1989. . 5557.
10. .., .. . : , 1992. 66 .
11. .., .. . .: , 1987. 336 .
12. .., .. . .: . 1988.
13. .. . : , 1989. 198 .
14. .., .., .., .. . .: -, 2000. 144 .
15. .., .., .. . .: , 1983. 176 .
16. .., .., .. , . . - -, 1990. 112 .
17. .., .., .. // . 1990. 10. . 147. ().
18. .., .., .. // . 1991. 3. . 129. ().
19. .. : ..... , 1986. 373 .
20. : . . // . .. . . 1995. 185 .
21. .., .., .. : // . 1997. 1. . 65-68. ().
22. .., .. // . 1995. 1. . 18-23.
23. .., .. : . .: - - , 1989. 88.
24. .. // . . 1989. 9. . 45-49. ().
25. - . . .: . 1973. 140 .
26. -. // . . 1997. 1. . 37.
27. 1- . // . . 1997. 1. . 38120; 2. . 51-61.
28. .., .. // . 1994. 12. . 48. ().
29. .. // . - 1994. - 12. - . 48-51.
|
|
30. : / . .. . : , 1999. 248 .
31. V-VI / . .. . , 2002. . 1. . 38.
32. V-VI / . .. . , 2002. . 2. . 8292.
33. .. // . 1993. 10. . 74-78.
34. .., .., .. . .: , 1987. 160 .
35. ( - ) // , 1996. . 155, 5. . 110-111.
36. . . // . 1983. 10. . 9092.
37. .., .., .., .. . .: , 1980. 303 .
38. -: - . : , 1999. 128 .
39. .., .. - // . 1989. 2. . 132. ().
40. . .: , 1982. 260 .
41. .., .., .. // . . 1996. 2. . 12-16.
42. .. // . 1995. 1. . 3133.
43. .., .., .. . .: , 1991. 320 .
44. : -. / .. , .. . , 1988. 32 .
45. .., .. . ., 1972.
46. .., .., .., .. // . . 1990. 11. . 5256. ().
47. .. // . 1992. 3. . 133. ().
48. .., .. . .: , 1986. 160 .
49. .. // . 1990. 11. . 153. ().
50. / . .. . : , 1975. 498 .
51. / . .. . , 1997. 608 .
52. . . // . 1989. - 3. - . 6-10.
53. .., .., .. , , . .: , 1979. 368 .
54. .., .., .., .. . : , 1993. 508 .
55. .., .., .., .. // . 1991. 5. . 164. ().
56. / . .. . .: - -, 1996. 152 .
57. .., .. // . 1990. 4. . 145. ().
|
|
58. 3 ., . . .: - " ". 1996. 436.
59. ., . . . .: , 1973. 139 .
60. . . . : , 1982. 492 .
61. ., ., . : / . . .: , 1996. 224 .
62. / . .; . . , . ; . . .. , .. . .: "", - 1997. - 1070 . ( " ").
63. .. // . 1996. 1. . 37-38.
64. Anderson et al, 1985: Experience with sphincteroplasty and sphincterotomy in pancreatobiliary surgery. Ann Surg 201: 399-406.
65. Arlow FL, et al, 1987: Bile acid mediated postcholecystectomy diarrhea. Arch Intern Med 147: 1327-1329.
66. Axon AT, et al, 1979: Pancreatogram changes in patients with calculous biliary disease. Br J Surg 66: 466-470.
67. Bainton D, et al, 1976: Gallbladder disease: prevalence in a South Wales industrial town. N Engl J Med 294: 1147-1149.
68. Bates T, et al, 1991: Influence of cholecystectomy on symptoms. Br J Surg 78: 964-967.
69. Bearcroft PW, Lomas DJ, 1997: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Gut 41: 135-137.
70. Bernhard F, 1943: Die klinische Bedeutung der Galienblasenneubildung nach Cholecystektomie. Chirurg 15: 510.
71. Berr F, et al, 1989: Effects of cholecystectomy on the kinetics of primary and secondary bile acids. J Clin Invest 83: 1541-1550.
72. Black NA, et al, 1944: Symptoms and health status before and six weeks after open cholecystectomy: a European, cohort study. European Collaborative Health Services Study (ECHSS) Group. Gut 35: 1301-1305.
73. Blumgart LH, et al, 1977: Diagnosis and management of postcholecystectomy symptoms: the place of endoscopy and retrograde choledochopancreatography. Br J Surg 64: 809-816.
74. Bodvall B, 1973: The postcholecystectomy syndromes. Clin Gastroenterol 2: 103-126.
75. Bodvall B, Overgaard B, 1967: Computer analysis of post cholecystectomy biliary tract symptoms. Surg Gynecol Obstet 124: 723-732.
76. Botoman VA, el al, 1944: Long-term outcome after endosoopic sphincterotomy in patients with biliary colic and suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Gastrointest Endosc 40: 165-170.
77. Bozkurt T, et al, 1996: Long-term clinical outcome of postcholecystectomy patients with biliary-type pain: results of manometry, non-invasive techniques and endoscopk sphincterotomy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8: 245-249.
78. Brandstarter G, et al, 1976: Die diagnostische Bedeutung der endoskopisch retrograden Cholangiopankreatikographie; beim sogenannten postcholezystektomiesyndrom. Wien Klin Wochenschr 88: 806-810.
79. Breuer W, et al, 1986: Fecal bile acid excretion pattern in cholecystectomized patients. Dig Dis Sci 31: 953-960.
80. Burnerr W, Shields R, 1958: Simptoms after cholecystectomy. Lancet 1: 923-925.
81. Carlson GL, et 1992: Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the investigation of pain after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 79:1342-1345.
82. Caroli J, Mercadier M, 1949: Les Diskinesies Biliaires. Paris, Vigot.
83. Choa JKS, et al, 1995: Gallstones exiting the urinary bladder: a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 130: 677.
84. Christiansen J, Schmidt A, 1971: The postcholecystectomy syndrome. Acta Chir Scand 137: 789-793.
85. Chuttani R, Carr-Locke DL, 1993: Pathophysiology of the sphincter of Oddi. Surg Clin North Am 73: 1311-1322.
|
|
86. Cline RW, et al, 1994: An assessment of potential complications caused by intraperitoneal gallstones. Am Surg 60: 303-305.
87. Coelho J, Wiederkehr JC, 1996: Motility of Oddi's sphincter: recent developments and clinical applications. Am J Surg 172: 48-51.
88. Cohen RV et al, 1994: Is the retrieval of lost peritoneal gallstone worthwhile? Surg Endosc 8: 1360 (letter).
89. Comfort MW, Walters W, 1931: Intermittent jaundice due to neuroma of cystic and common bile ducts. Ann Surg 93: 1142-1145.
90. Dancygier H, 1995: Endoscopic ultrasonography in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroiniest Endosc Clin N Am 5:795-804.
91. Dancygier H, Nattermen C, 1994: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in biliary tract disease: obstructive jaundice. Endoscopy 26: 800-802.
92. Dewbury , et al, 1983: Ultrasound imaging and computer tomography. In Wright R, et al. (eds): Liver and Biliary Disease: A Pathophysiological Approach. London, Saunders, pp 474-495.
93. Downie GH, et al, 1993: Cholelithoptysis: a complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chest 103: 616-617.
94. Dwerryhouse SJ, et al, 1998: Prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiography to detect common bile duct stones belofe laparascopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 85: 1364-1366.
95. Editorial, 1974: Effect of cholecystectomy. BMJ 1: 72-73.
96. Fazel A, et al, 2002: Octreotide relaxes the hypertensive sphincter of Oddi: patho-physiological and therapeutic implications. Am J Gastroenterol 97: 612-616.
97. Fein AB, et al, 1984: Intravenous cholecystokinin octapeptide: its effect on the sonographic appearance of the bile ducts in normal subjects. Radiology 153: 499-504.
98. Fenster LF, et al, 1995: What simptoms does cholecystectomy cure? Insights from an outcomes measurement project and review of the literature. Am J Surg 169: 533-538.
99. Fine KD, el al, 1993: Diarrhea. In Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS (eds): Gastrointestinal Disease, 5th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders. pp 1034-1071.
100. Flynn M, et al, 1982: Effects of bile acids on human colonic motor function in vitro. Digestion 23: 211-216.
101. Fort JM, et al, 1996: Bowel habit after cholecystectomy: physiological changes and clinical implications. Gastroenterology 111: 617-622.
102. Friedenberg F, et al, 2004: The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Dig Dis Sci 49:165-175.
103. Fromm J, et al, 1987: Absence of significant role of bile acids in diarrhea of a heterogeneous group of postcholecystectomy patients. Dig Dis Sci 32: 33-44.
104. Fuji T, et al, 1989: Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy technique evaluation. Endoscopy 21: 27-30.
105. Grimm H, et al, 1989: New modalitis for treating chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 21:70-74.
106. Primbram BOC, 1950: Postcholecystectomy syndromes, JAMA 142:1262.
107. Schofield GE, MacLeod RG, 1996: Sequelae of cholecystectomy Br J Surg 53: 1042-1045.