D S ( ) :
3.9.6. ' Vh:
Vh = , (3) (3.18)
3.9.7. F:
F =πD2/400, 2 (3.19)
3.9.8. ˳ V:
V = Vh·i, . (3.20)
3.10. Nep:
Nep = , (3.21)
Nep , 5...8 %. ( ) D S , 3.9.5. .
, :
3.11. :
M = 9550·N/n, . (3.22)
3.12. :
G = Nep·ge/1000, /. (3.23)
3.13. ˳ :
N = Nep/(Vh·i), / (3.24)
3.14. :
N = N·100/(F·i), /2. (3.25)
3.24 3.25 . , [6]:
N = 1860 / N = 14...48 /2 ,
N = 722 / N = 10...30 /2 .
, 3.1. , 3%, . , , . 1% KB; 15 , .
, , 4.
3.1.
: ( ) | |||
1. | , Вi | ||
2. | ν | ||
3. | η | ||
4. | gi | / (ּ) | |
5. | W | / | |
6. | |||
7. | η | ||
8. | η | ||
9. | ge | / (ּ) | |
10. | V | ||
11. | Vh | ||
12. | S/D | ||
13. | Dp | ||
14. | D | ||
15. | S | ||
16. | W | / | |
17. | V | ||
18. | F | 2 | |
19. | Ne | ||
20. | G | / | |
21. |
|
|
4
-
- () . . 4.1. , . . Pj, , ' . . β N = P·tgβ, . Pc/cosβ, . mr, . . 䳿 . 䳿 , , ( α ). (KB) . KB [1].
. 4.1. , -
t, 30 () KB. ( 4.1). ʳ 720/t + 3.
4.1. KB α ( - α)
-V -α. , . -α.
, KB, 720 t. 180 (. 4.2). P-V.
|
|
4.1.
()
α º | Pj | N | Ts | P | R | Sx | Ts+ s | ∑ | ||
-1.079 | 0.097 | -1.082 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.634 | 0.634 | 0.0 | 0.226 | -0.049 | |
-0.851 | 0.097 | -0.854 | -0.116 | -0.527 | 1.036 | 1.162 | 12.5 | -0.127 | -0.520 | |
-0.310 | 0.097 | -0.313 | -0.075 | -0.309 | 1.626 | 1.655 | 45.0 | -0.073 | 1.750 | |
0.229 | 0.097 | 0.226 | 0.063 | 0.226 | 1.654 | 1.669 | 85.1 | 0.226 | 0.953 | |
0.539 | 0.097 | 0.536 | 0.129 | 0.400 | 1.337 | 1.396 | 120.0 | 0.162 | 1.086 | |
0.621 | 0.097 | 0.618 | 0.084 | 0.236 | 1.139 | 1.164 | 142.4 | -0.188 | 2.308 | |
0.620 | 0.097 | 0.617 | -0.000 | -0.000 | 1.100 | 1.100 | 150.0 | -0.326 | 1.021 | |
0.621 | 0.103 | 0.625 | -0.085 | -0.238 | 1.133 | 1.133 | 142.4 | -0.243 | 0.340 | |
0.539 | 0.128 | 0.568 | -0.136 | -0.424 | 1.315 | 1.381 | 120.0 | -0.703 | -0.049 | |
0.229 | 0.197 | 0.326 | -0.091 | -0.326 | 1.626 | 1.658 | 85.1 | -0.326 | -0.520 | |
-0.310 | 0.415 | 0.005 | -0.001 | -0.005 | 1.719 | 1.719 | 45.0 | 2.059 | 1.750 | |
-0.851 | 1.403 | 0.452 | -0.061 | -0.279 | 2.078 | 2.097 | 12.5 | 0.668 | 0.953 | |
-1.079 | 4.264 | 3.084 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 4.802 | 4.802 | 0.0 | 0.811 | 1.086 | |
-1.079 | 6.609 | 5.429 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 7.147 | 7.147 | 0.0 | 0.811 | 1.086 | |
-0.965 | 6.547 | 5.482 | 0.530 | 2.452 | 6.649 | 7.087 | 6.2 | - | - | |
-0.851 | 4.292 | 3.341 | 0.455 | 2.064 | 4.383 | 4.845 | 12.5 | 2.732 | 2.308 | |
-0.310 | 1.371 | 0.961 | 0.231 | 0.947 | 1.998 | 2.211 | 45.0 | 1.288 | 1.021 | |
0.229 | 0.682 | 0.811 | 0.227 | 0.811 | 1.490 | 1.696 | 85.1 | 0.811 | 0.340 | |
0.539 | 0.457 | 0.896 | 0.215 | 0.668 | 1.082 | 1.272 | 120.0 | 0.428 | -0.049 | |
0.621 | 0.373 | 0.894 | 0.121 | 0.341 | 0.882 | 0.945 | 142.4 | -0.067 | -0.520 | |
0.620 | 0.350 | 0.871 | -0.000 | 0.000 | 0.846 | 0.846 | 150.0 | -0.236 | 1.750 | |
0.621 | 0.107 | 0.628 | -0.085 | -0.240 | 1.130 | 1.155 | 142.4 | 0.059 | 0.953 | |
0.539 | 0.107 | 0.546 | -0.131 | -0.407 | 1.330 | 1.391 | 120.0 | 0.113 | 1.086 | |
0.229 | 0.107 | 0.236 | -0.066 | -0.236 | 1.651 | 1.668 | 85.1 | -0.236 | 2.308 | |
-0.310 | 0.107 | -0.303 | 0.072 | 0.299 | 1.629 | 1.656 | 45.0 | 0.059 | 1.021 | |
-0.851 | 0.107 | -0.844 | 0.115 | 0.521 | 1.044 | 1.167 | 12.5 | -0.228 | 0.340 | |
-1.079 | 0.107 | -1.072 | -0.000 | 0.000 | 0.644 | 0.644 | 0.0 | 0.226 | -0.049 | |
: | ||||||||||
Fi | Pj | Pg | Pc | N | Ts | P | R | S | - | - |
4.1.1. , = , . ³ 0 180 . 4.1 0 180 P.
4.1.2. KB α ' V (. . 4.1) 2.9 . ' KB α :
, (4.1)
r KB ;
λ = /1 , , λ = 1/...1/4,2.
. 4.2. ( = f(α)), , - (Pj = f(α)), ( = f(α)).
, 2.9 V V. , P-V 4.1 P-V. Sx P-V KB α :
|
|
, (4.2)
L P-V ( V Vc).
Sx KB 4.1 P - :
= x = Pa·[Va/(Sx + Vc)]n1, . (4.3)
. 180 360 , V Sx 4.3 P-V. () Sx KB , Sx KB, Sx 4.1 α. (. ), Sx :
α = 30, 330, 390 690,
α = 60, 300, 420 660,
α = 90, 270, 450 630,
α = 120, 240, 480 600,
α = 150, 210, 510, 570.
4.1.3. ˳ , (α,) z (αc,z) K αc = 360. 4.1 α = 360:
= = z.
4.1. ˳ ,
(α,) z(α,Pz), z(α,Pz) z(αρ,z).
αρ, Vρ :
αρ = arc cos(). (4.4)
. z(αc,Pz) (), (αρ,Pz), αρ, Vρ, , . 4.1 ( αρ = 382).
4.1.4. 360 540 . z-b -α . 2.32 2.34 , ' α Sx, :
P = = Pz/[(Sx + Vc)/ Vc]n2, (4.5)
= = Pz/[(Sx + Vc)/Vρ]n2, (4.6)
', Sx, V, Vρ 4.5 4.6 P-V.
4.1.5. 540 720 () = r, . 4.1 P = r 540 < α < 720. ϳ 4.1 α, Sx. .
4.2. j K, - , α KB :
|
|
j = m·r·ω2(cosα + λcos2α)·10-6, (4.7)
m , - , (/2);
r , ( r = S/2 S 3)
ω = πn/30 / n /;
λ = r/1 .
䳿 , , 4.2, m, - :
m = m + ľm, /2, (4.8)
m m , ( 6 1);
ľ = L2/L , ľ = 0,18...0,32.
ϳ 4.7 Pj, 4.1 α, Pj, , - (. 4.2).
4.3. , 䳺 , , j P0:
= Pj + 0, , (4.9)
0 .
, 4.1 j P0. c -α (. 4.2).
4.4. N , , N = Pctgβ. β α sinβ = λsinα. , 䳺 , c = Pc/cosβ. N 4.1 . N N-α (. 4.3). , , , - .
. 4.3. ij N = f(α)
4.5. Ts, , 90 , KB :
Ts = sn(α + β)/cosβ, . (4.10)
sin(α + β)/cosβ α λ. , , , .
Ts 4.1 Ts (. 4.4). 1 (), , Ts () πD2/4 (2) r ():
1 = s(πD2/4)r106, . (4.11)
. 4.4. ij Ts = f(α)
ij D r . TΣ, Ts ( ), 4.11.
4.6.
TΣ = ΣTsi 䳿 , . . , -60:
4.2.
V-
γ = 90, KB, α = 120, 1-1-2-2-3-3
α | ||||||
1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
720 - 0 | ||||||
|
|
, 90 , γ, 240, 2α KB. V- , , .
4.6.1. .
Σ : , 90, 240. Ts 4.1 :
0-90, 30-120,... 630-720, 660-30, 690-60
Ts1+ s1. 720/t + 1. Ts1+ s1 (. 4.5).
. 4.5. ij Ts = f(α)
Ts1+ s1 90º
Σ : Ts1+ s1 240, , α:
0, 240 480; 30, 270 510;... 210, 450 690
. 720/(t·3) + 1 , , 720/3. 0...240.
Σ : TS , , . 720/, . , S.
Σ Σ = f(α) (. 4.6) . 20 Σ.
. 4.6. ij Σ = f(α) 6- V- 90˚ KB 120˚. Σ 240˚.
4.6.2.
TΣ Σ Ts . : ' , . Σ α 4.1 .
V- Ts1+ s1
( ) Σ