1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
, . , , . .
, .
3.
, (. . . 2). 4 ' . , .
. ( , , ).
, , . . , .
, - : .
' .
' . ϳ .
, . - , .
, ", ".
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, , , , .
Ѳ .
| : | |||
| Ѳ | |||
| ÷/2 | 1 ÷/2 = 9,81 | ||
| 1 = 4,187 | |||
| 1 = 9,81 | |||
| /2 | 1 /2 = 98066,5 ≈ 0,1 | ||
| ÷ | 1 ÷ = 9,81 | ||
| .. | 1 .. = 735,5 | ||
| /() | /(..) | 1 /(..) = 1,36 /() |
| - () | ||
| 䳿 | ||
| - | ||
:
( , , )
α ([]) {1,2,3}
{4}
β ([]) {2}
{4}
γ ([]) {2}
δ ([]) {1}
{2,3}
∆ ([]) {2,3}
ε ([]) {1,2,3,4}
ζ ([]) {2}
λ ([]) {1}
{2,3}
{4}
μ ([]) {2}
{3,4}
ν ([]) {3}
ω ([]) (-1) {1,3,4}
π ([]) (π = 3,1415926536)
ρ ([]) {2}
{2}
∑ ([])
τ ([]) {3}
{4}
φ ([]) {1}
η ([]) 䳿 {1,2,3,4}
ψ ([]) {1}
1
.
.
, , , . г [2]:
N = N + Nδ + Νf + N + Nw + Nj+ N + N (1.1)
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N , ;
N ;
Nδ ;
Nf . Nf N, Nf, ;
N , 䳿 () ; 䳿 N ;
Nw , ;
Nj , ;
N ( );
N , - ( - ).
ͳ . . 䳿 , 1.2...1.8:
N = N(1 η), (1.2)
η .
Nδ = (V − V) = V δ, (1.3)
( ), ;
V V , , /;
δ = (V V)/V .
Nf = Gf∙V∙cosα, (1.4)
G , ;
f , (. . 1 1);
α .
Nw = w∙V = 
, (1.5)
w , ;
k , ͷ2/4;
F , 2.
Nj = mj∙V, (1.6)
m = G/g , ;
g = 9,81 /2 ;
j , /2.
N = G∙snα∙V, (1.7)
N = ∙V, (1.8)
.
N , Nw, Nj N . ֳ k, :
N = k∙(N + Nδ + Nf + N). (1.9)
, , N, Nj Nδ. , ( ) N , , , . , N = 0. :
N = N + Nf + Nw + Ni. (1.10)
, : Nf + Ni = G∙f∙V∙cosα + G∙sinα∙V :
Nf + Ni = G∙V∙(f∙cosα + sinα) = G∙V∙ψ = Nψ, (1.11)
ψ = f∙cosα + sinα ,
Nψ , .
, :
N = N + Nψ + Nw (1.12)
' , , , . , , , , .
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"" " , ". , , , , .
ϳ
1.1.
1.1.1. δ . [3]:
δ = 0,15...0,18 (15...18%)
δ = 0,03...0,05 (3...5%) . . .
N , 䳺 :
φ = /N, (1.13)
φ , : φ = 0,3...0,9 φ = 0,4...1,1 . φ = φ 1 1.
N , 䳿 λ:
λ = k∙λ, (1.14)
λ ; λ = 1, λ = 0,65... 0,7;
k , 䳿 , k = 1,1...1,2 4x2 i k = 1 .
:
m = 
, , (1.15)
, ;
k , 1,15...1,25 1,1...1,2 .
:
m = 
, . (1.16)
1.16 , 㳿 N, f Nf. , λ = 1 N = 0,5Nf.
1.15.
1.1.2. 䳿 :
m = m + mo + 75n, (1.17)
m , ;
m = m/η , ;
n , (n = 1...4);
η , : η = 1,0...1,6 η = 0,5...1,1 .
1.2. 䳿
η , . :
η = 
(1.18)
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η , 0,97...,98;
η, η, η , , ;
η (, );
z, z, z, z , , , .
, . 䳿 ( ). ʳ , , . .
:
η = 0,985...0,990, η = 0,975...0,980,
η = 0,960...0,970, η = 0,990...0,995.
, (, , , ) 1.18 ( , , , , ..). ( ) . , , .
1.3.
w , 50 / 1.19- 1.19-, (1.5):
w = 
, (1.19-)
w = 
, (1.19-)
k (1.19) 0,44...0,81 2/4 ( k = 0,16...0,31, 0,37...0,44).
F 2 (. 2 1) :
F = k·, 2 (1.20)
k , , 0,8...0,85;
.
1.19- V /, 1.19- /.
1.4. .
N , .
1.4.1. N :
, , (1.21)
V ( ), /;
η1 () ;
η .
, 75...95% (η = 0,75... 0,95), 50...70% (η = 0,50...0,70). η, - . η = 0,85...0,9.
1.4.2. :
, , (1.22)
φ = mg(fcosα + sinα) , ;
V ( ), /;
η , , .
:
| : | |||
| , f | |||
| , k | |||
| ( 42), λ | |||
| , φ | |||
| , η | |||
| , η | |||
| , N |
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| : | |||
| , η | |||
| ʳ , , n | |||
| , F | 2 | ||
| , k | 2/4 | ||
| , η | |||
| , f | |||
| , N |
. :
m , f N %;
φ w , m , G , N .
ֳ . (. 4), , .
N , . , , , 20%.
, . N , , 5 1 .
ϳ :
| 1. (, , ..) | |
| 2. ( ) | |
| 3. : = | |
| 4. ε = | |
| 5. n = | |
| 6. N, | |
| 7. α = | . 3 1, |
| 8. ( =, =, =) | . 4 1 |
| 9. Q. = | . 4 1 |
| 10. 0 | : 0 = 288˚ 0 = 0,1 |
ϳ . .
2
