.10
ꅅ11
腅..12
ꅅ13
(. American English) , , . ϳ , . , . ' . .
, , (, ) .
, , .
1.
ϳ - . , . . ' . 1607 . , , , , , , , . , , , , . , , -. ( ) , 볿 (, ). , . , : 17-18 . ϳ , , 볿, , XIX - XX (, r), , , .
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2.
, (hitchhike, landslide), (, ).
, 볿, (market -- , career -- ). faculty 볿 , - . pavement , . , 볿 , : fall -- - autumn, apartment -- flat, tardy -- . . ³ .
r ( ϳ, 볿, -, - .).
r, . merry, marry Mary ( ).
. , , . , , , 볿: (moose -- elk, ), , ' (dixiecrat -- ), (drugstore -- -).
, . adios, solo,rancho, buckaroo, tapas, tacos, guacomole, latino/a , . chitos, doritos
, , . 䳺 [] [er] ' ' 䳿: tutor () tutee ().
, . , , , . 20 % ( 60 ) . , [?] ( 1,5 ). ͳ (, dumb ).
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ij . , , , , , , . , .
䳿, already, just yet, present perfect. ҳ, simple past, .
"I've just arrived home." / "I just arrived home." "I've already eaten." / "I already ate."
( "Cable broadband just got faster").
present perfect simple past .
shall (I shall) , , .
should 䳺demand, insist, require , : I demanded that heapologize I demanded that he should apologise .
䳺 (, to burn, to spoil) .
- . , to/in THE hospital , to/in hospital .
, , on the weekend/on weekend at the weekend/at weekend ;on a streetin a street.
. , take a shower/a bath have a shower/a bath. needn't don't need to.
slow real : He likes to drive slow ( slowly). She's real nice ( really).
, , , , . , , , , . , . , .
3. ?
³ : ? , . ? . . . , , , , " " (RP). , , , , . . , , , , , , .
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, 300-400 , 볿, 䳿, , 䳿. .
, . 3 :
1. Queens English ( ).
2. , BBC English. .
3. (advanced English) , , , , .
, , ( : , , , ) . ( , ) ( ) (RP received Pronunciation). Oxford and Cambridge. , .
, () , .
.
-. , , , . . . . , , , , . : : 16 , 5-6 ( ).
, . , . , , . .
, . , . , .