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. - . , ; , . - : , . , , "" , , , .

(tension), . , , , . : ; . "" . , , , , , , .

. : "... : ... . , , . " (MacCormac 1985: 27).

, , , , . , , , .

( ). , . . : , - .

. :"3 , ?" - . - , . , . . : " , . " " .. , , . - , , . " (Black M. 1962: 34).

: . , : , .

. , "" " " . , . , - "", , . , , , , .

, , , , , . , "" "".

, - , . , " - ", " ", , , , . . , . . , .

, - , . . Ѹ , ,, - , . (Searle J. 1993: 97).

Ѹ "Sally is a block of ice", , , , "" , , - "", . " ", .. .. (Way E. C. 1991: 36). , , .

Ѹ , . , . , "Richard is a gorilla", , , , .. , , , , ( ), . , , Ѹ, , . , , , . , , , .

. - . , . . , " - " (surgeons are butchers) " - ".

Ѹ , . , " Sally is a block of ice " , , , - , , . Ѹ , Sally is a dragon , . Ѹ : " (Searle J. 1993: 101).

, , , . , , , , , .

(Tourageau R. & Sternberg R. 1982: 203-204) , , . : (Donald Leavis is the George Wallace of nothern Ireland), Donald Leavis , , . .

: (Wallace) (Leavis). , : , .

, , , (Camac M. & Glucksberg S. 1984: 443-445). , , . , . .

, , , , . -, . : , , . ? Ѹ : " : . , "S " "S ", . , , . , , " - " " " " 90 . "? (Searle J. 1993: 10).

, - : .

, . Ÿ , 1958. . "". (verbal-opposition theory), . , , , , " , , " (Beardsley 1958: 138).

(self-controverting). "" , , - - ( , ), . , - , , , , , , .

, , "" ; , . : , , " " ( ) " - " ) (Beardsley 1958: 141).

, . , , "" . "" - 1, '"" "" ) (" "").

: " , , , , , " (Beardsley 1958: 141).

, "" . ' " (The Metaphorical Twist). , : , , , . , (Beardsley 1958: 106). , , . , " ".

, , ( 1979: 94, 1992). .

. , . - , , - . , , . , , , .

"" , ; .

, , . , . ; " " (Beardsley 1958: 111). , , , . , , "No man is an island, , , "The old rock is brittle with age", (Way 1991: 43).

, , , , , . , . , , .

, . , , , , , (Grice 1975: 41-58). , , " " - , : , , , , , .

, , . Ÿ , . - , , ; . , , , .

. 1955 "" ( " " 1962 ) " "(Black 1993: 19-42). : (, tenor) (, vehicle). , ( "system of commonplaces"), .

, . . "" , ", , " (Black 1993: 29).

" , " (Black 1993: 41): , , . , , , - , .

, , - - . , : .

, - . , , . " - - ; " (Black 1993: 37).

, , , . . , , . . " , " (Hesse 1980: 117).

, . , , , . , , ( 1994: 23). , ( 1996: 73-85).

, , , , , , , , , (Eco 1984: 68), .

- . . , , .

, , (Gibbs 1992: 90) , . ( 1996).

, , . , .

, , , , , ( 1996: 52-58). . . , , .

.. 3 :

- ,

- ,

- ( 19960: 52-58).

. , . , , .

, . : - .

- , . - , / .

.. , 1993 , . , . - ( 1993: 31). , .. , . , , . ( 1993: 40). , . ( 1993: 30).

. . , . . , ( 1993: 31-36) , , , , .

, . , , , .., . .. ( 1986).

- . .., ., .. . - . ( 1990). ( ) , , , ( 1990). .

. ; (interaction theory) - . . .. .

- . , , tenor-vehicle.

- -- , . . - . , . . - , .

.. : -; , , - , - ( 1997: 37-38).

, , ( -) , , - (, ) . ( , , ) , -, .

: 1) , 2) ( ); 1) ; 2) ( ); 1) ; 2) ; 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) ( ); 1) , 2) , ; 1) , 2) , (- ) - .

, : . , , , - , , - , ( 1997).

 





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