, .
( ) , . .
(Hub) .
(Intelligent Hub) , , . . , .
(Active Hub) , .
(Passive Hub) ( ARCnet).
Peer Hub , PC, PC. ARCnet.
Standalone Hub ( ).
(Stackable Hub) , . , . ( ) , ( , ).
, . , , .
(Repeater) , . OSI. .
(Bridge) (), OSI, .
, , , . . :
:
MAC-Layer Bridges , ( );
LLC-Layer Bridges , (Ethernet Token Ring Arcnet).
:
Transparent routing () , . Ethernet;
Source Routing . Token Ring.
|
|
.
(Internal Bridge) , , ;
(External, Stand-alone Bridge) .
:
(Local Bridge) ;
(Remote Bridge) ( . .). , .
(Router) , OSI, () . , , , . . : IP, IPX, X.25, UDP. ( ) .
Brouter (Bridging router) , , .
:
: - , LAN WAN, Brouter.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. (LAN WAN).
5. .
6. .
(Gateway) , (5-7) OSI. , , , . , , , . .
:
1. Fax: , -.
2. E-mail: . MHS, no X.400.
3. Internet: Internet.
4. Mainframe: . .