(Open System Interconnection, OSI) ISO (International Standard Organization) .
. . . - , .
7. (Application Layer) - . : , , .
:
NICE (Network Information and Control Exchange), ;
FTAM (File Transfer, Access and Management), ; FTP (File Transfer Protocol), ;
.400
I (Common Management Information Protocol) ISO;
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ISO;
TelNet (Remote Login).
6. (Presentation Layer) , , .
5. (Session Layer) , .
:
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) , , , . 5, 6 7 , IBM.
NetBEUI (Network Basic Extended User Interface) NetBIOS Microsoft.
4. (Transport Layer) ( ). . .
, , (Subnet Layers , ), . Intermediate Systems (IS) , , End Systems (ES) , .
(Reliably service), . (Connection oriented). , , . .
|
|
(Connectionless) , , , .
( ):
...4 (Transport Protocol Class ...4) OSI, ;
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UNIX- ;
UDP (User Datagramm Protocol) UNIX- ;
SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) Novell NetWare .
3. (Network Layer), (Packet Layer). :
, , -
;
, . :
R (Address Resolution Protocol) :
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) NetWare, , SPX;
IP (Internet Protocol) UNIX-.
2. (Data Link Layer) (Frames) , . IEEE (Sublayers):
LLC (Logical-Link Control) , ;
MAC (Media Access Control) , ;
(Ethernet, ARCnet, Token Ring, FDDI) .
1. (Physical Layer) , () . , .
:
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet:
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring.
ISO , .