г | ʳ | |||
v = const n = ∞ | v = const | Cmv (TK Tn) | ||
P = const n = 0 | P = const | CmP (TK Tn) | P (vK vn) | |
(iK in) | R (TK Tn) | |||
T = const n = 1 | T = const | q = l ∆U = 0 | v (3/) () | |
T (SK Sn) | ||||
dq = 0 dS = 0 n = k | ik - in | Sn = Sk P () T (K) v (3/) | ||
Cv = const Pvn = const - ∞<n<∞ | Cmv (TK Tn) | P () T (K) v (3/) |
1
________. t = _______ = __________
, ________ .
ʳ
PV = mrT
P = =
V '
V = . 10-3 = 3
= + 273 =
R
, ᒺ.
ʳ , m
q = mCV (t2 t1)
CV , CV = 0,198 .
ʳ
P1V1 = RT1, P2V2 = RT2
³ q =
³__________________
2
___________ _______ , ___________.
' .
, .
= --------------- =
q = m (t2 t1)
q = = /
" " () ,
³ ______________
3
___________ ______. 1 .
L ;
R
= + 273 =
V2, V1 '
L = =
= =
" " , ________________________________________________________________
1
/
q = /
" " ________________________
|
|
____________________________________________________________
³ ________________
4
____________ _________ ________ . , .
2, 1 ;
V2, V1 ᒺ;
, = 1,4
=
2 = =
, 2 = 1:
2, 1
2 = (+ 273): = ()
L' ,
R .
R =
= =
=
m = 2
³_____________
5
=____________ t = _________ n = 1,3 ______. , .
,
2, 1 ;
V2, V1 ᒺ;
=
2 =
2, 1
=
2 = (+ 273) = ()
1 ,
" "
1
q = Cn (t2 t1)
Cn ,
V ᒺ
n n =1,3
k k = 1,4
Cn =
" ", , ________________
q =
³ ________________
______
______
______
__________________________________________________________________
____________________
3
. i-d .
: , , , .
: , , .
˳
1. .., .. , : , 2008 .
2. .. . ... : . , 2004 .
3. 볺.. : . : , 2006. 130 .
1. ()? ?
2. ?
3. ? . ³ ?
4. ?
5. i-d , , ?
6. ?
|
|
7. , t1 t2?
() ().
, . 2 n.
= 2 + n,
() . () , () ; . , n < , ; .
() P = const, , n = , . t.
:
- (/3) , 1 3 (), t n
mn (), Vn ᒺ , ᒺ
- , φ, . .(%)
- d, /
- () (1+ d) ﳿ () n
i = i + n dn
ﳿ , -d. 1 P = const = 745 .
d, , /.
φ = 100% , . φ = 100% , . .
-d , .
1
= 745 . n = _____________. = ________ .
________ -d = . (). ___________ _________________ .
φ
n
_________________ = %
t=________
r = /3
φ = % /3
, ᒺ .
/3
³ _____________________
2
t1 =________ φ1 = ________%. d = const t2 =________, , t3 =________ 1 , , , _____/, 1 = _____%, - ______ %. d3 ________________ .
|
|
-d t1 =________ φ1 = ________%. t1 φ1 d1 = _________/, 1 = _________/. 1 d = const t2_____ 2. 1 2 .
-d 2 2 = / = . 4,19 = /.
2 = const t3 =________ 3. 3 -d d3 = /, 2 = 3 = / = . 4,19 = /.
2 3 .
1 :
∆d = d3 d1 = /
1
ʳ , ,
Mg
1
2
G = --------------- = ------------------ /
ﳿ , .
q = 2 1 = /
/
, Q1-2, , Q, ( ).
Q1-2 = Q
ʳ ,
r , .
/
, , d1 = d2 = / d3 = /. ³ -d 1-2-3 %.
³ ________________
3
, t1 = +_______, φ1 = ________%. Q =___________ = __________ . 857 = __________/; ________/ , ; Gn = 30 /, " = /. t =________ , . φ2, 2 d2 , , _______.
ε
, /
Q ;
w
Q , Q = /;
Q , ,
, /
Qn ,
|
|
, /
ε =
³ -d , 1 t2 = ______. 2, , . 2 -d ; d2 = /, φ2 = %, 2 = /.
³ ___________________
______
______
______
__________________________________________________________________
____________________
4
. .
: , 㳿, .
: , , .
˳
1. .., .. , : , 2008 .
2. .. . ... : . , 2004 .
3. 볺.. : . : , 2006. 130 .
1. .
2. , ? , .
3. (, , ). .
:
, , ;
- ( ), , , . , = 0. , , () . ³ () . .
, , . , , P = const, T = const.
. dz . 璺 , , .
, , . Mc = /, .., <1
; ( = = ).
().
= 1,0. 璺 , , .
.
, > . .
.