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i i - i, iii , i i i, i ii i i i i i .

 

(BST) .

 


POS-


, . POS- . : , , , .


 

POS- ( )

-.

POS- . POS- ,

, -, ,


 

 

ϲ-, , 璺 () .

, POS- . POS- 䳺 - . on-line -, - off-line , . ϳ POS- , . POS-.

POS- , , - , 1,5-2 . POS- , .

 

() - , , , , .

- , , ( 䳿 ), / , () . , . , , 4-6- PIN- , . , .

, - - .

on- line , , - off-line .


 

 

, , , . , . , - .

(: 1,5 1,8 , 1 , ). , . 30 . ., 120-200 . .

 

ProCash 3100 (.1.3), ᒺ .

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(/);

( ).

 


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. 1. 3.

ProCash 3100


, ProCash 3100 . -, 볺 , -, , .

ProCash 3100 , , , . , , . . , . ,


 

 

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2

 

в Ҳ

 

2.1.

2.2.

2.2.1. Diners Club

2.2.2. American Express

2.2.3. Master Card

2.2.4. Visa International

 

2.1.

 

. , - .

, . , , , , .

, . , , , .

: , , , , . ֳ . ᒺ , , .

. , , , .

.


 

, . , . , ( ), . , , , .

. , . . , . , , .

. ³ () , , . . . , , , : -, , , ; -, .

. , . . , . , , , , , .

. , , , . ³ , , .


 

, 볺 . , , , . , , .

, , . , .

, . , .

 

2.2.

 

볿, , 1888 (J. Bellami. Looking backwards, 1888 .).

, , . ֳ 볺 . .

1891 American Express, , , , American Express. () American Express 1901- . 2.1 [20].



. 2.1. 1901

American Express


 

. , 1914 볺, ,  , General Petroleum Corporation California ( Mobil Oil) , . . , - 볺 .

1914 Western Union 볺 , . , 1919 Western Union Telegraph Company, (. 2.2), [20]. Payment not being required from the sender at the time of transmission (, ).

,

( , 볺, 䳿 ). , (), . , - . , , .


. 2.2.

1919 Western Union Telegraph Company


1928 , 볺. , 1928 Charga-Plates, .


 

. 2.3. Marshall Fields Credit Card 11/4x21/2 , 1950 . - Chicago Credit Plate Service, Inc,

- Edward A McClure,

6602 S Marquette Rd Chicago 37. .

2.4. (. 2.4) (. 2.4) Vintage Bullocks & Charga Plate Credit Cards, Sibleys in Rochester,


New York [20]. , ,


. 2.3. 1950


. ̳ ()

, 䳿 .

 


. 3.4. Vintage Bullocks & Charga Plate Credit Cards


. 3.4. Vintage Bullocks

& Charga Plate Credit Cards


 

 

1936- , American Airlines, , Universal Air Travel Plan (UATP). 볺, , .

, , , .

 

, . , 1946 ,


 

Chargeit. , 볺 . ϳ , , , . , .

40- , Diners Club, - 1949 . 볺 , , Diners Club - . ﳿ Diners Club, 볺 . 볺 Diners Club, .

 

, 1949 Diners Club. 1949 ., . . (Alfred Bloomingdale, Frank McNamara Ralph Snyder) . , , . . Diners Club (Merchant) , . 75 , , . -, 7% , (% ).

볺 , . , . , Diners Club. , , . , 볺. , Diners Club . Diners Club T&E (Travel&Entertainment) , .


 

1951 - Franklin National Bank, . Bank America Fresco, California, 1956 .

 

1958 American Express, , Carte Blanche . Bank of America Chase Manhattan Bank . hase Manhattan 1962 , , . , , . 1966 Bank of America 㳿 BankAmericard. г - Bank of America (14 - ), 1967 ̳ , Interbank Cards Association, 1969 Master Charge (. 2.5), (4 ). 1970 Master Charge

5000 , 36 . , 1979 MasterCard. 1980 MasterCard,


, 55 ., 1990 90 . .


. 2.5. ̳ ''Master charge''


 

60- XX . , . , . , , - . , , 볺, . 60- XX . Bank of America Interbank


 

. 1960 1965 .

. , . , , . 1978 11 . г 44 . , 52 . .

60- . Diners Club International. Diners Club . 1974 Visa International, 1975 Evrocard, Master Card. .

1996 Visa International Service Association ( , , , , ), Europay International , , , , , , () .

, , Bank of America (Visa International), Master Card, American Express Diners Club.

 

2.2.1. ̳

Diners Club

 

1950 . Diners Club.

,

, . , , , .


 

, , , . , 1949 - , , - , Hamilton Credit Corporation.

Co , Diners Club, . 볺 . , Diners Club 볺 . , , , .

. , , Diners Club. , Diners Club , . - . 14 .

Diners Club, , 볺. , Diners Club , 7 % , . , $3 .

, 7 % . 볺 Diners Club , . , 1950 20 - Diners Club.

- , Dine & Sign ( ). 25 , $150000. , . 1951


 

ᒺ, , -, - . ᒺ Diners Club.

1951 $325000 , 42000 볺, $3 . 330 -, -, , -, . Diners Club 60000 .

, . 1952 $5. 400 , 30 , 200 5 . Diners Club 1953 , , , . ³ Diners Club , , 볿 볿. Diners Club International.

1955 Diners Club . Hertz Diners Club , 1956 Diners Club , - , . Trip-Charge, Inc. ( ) Diners Club 22 000 .

1958 IRS (Internal Revenue Service , ) , Diners Club. -, ׳, , , - Diners Club , . Diners Club .

1961 Diners Club $8, () , , Dashew Business Machines , . 1963 $10.

1965 Diners Club , ,


 

. , .

1967 Diners Club , ($60 ) Fugazy Travel. Diners Club 130 .

1969 Diners Club . . , , . 1972 Diners Club : , , , , , . 1973 21 .

1975 Diners Club, , 볺 , 1976 볺 $15000, , Diners Club.

. 2.6. DINERS CLUB, 1974 , . 2.7. 1976 . , 1976 , DINERS CLUB. 1980 (. 2.8) [20].

(General Services Administration) 1983 Diners Club , 1987 Diners Club .

1991 British Airways Scandinavian Airline Systems. (World Bank) Diners Club 1994 .

1995 , 1996 Diners Club International .

1998 Diners Club . , 1998 ̳ , , Diners Club 75


 

. , (1998 1999 .) Diners Club Freddie Award / .

Diners Club , , Diners

Club. ( ) 200


, .

Diners Club International 򳺿 , 85 .

Diners Club International , . (. 2.9) , ( ) . , 볺. Diners Club .


. 2. 6. DINERS CLUB

1974 ( , , ( ZD), )

 

. 2. 7. DINERS CLUB 1976 ( , , '''' DINERS CLUB)

 

 

. 2.8. 1980


( ) (


 

 


 

). 볺. (, , , . .).

Diners Club , .

 

2.2.2. ̳

American Express


 

 

. 2.9. Diners Club


 

American Express

, , . , .

American Express (AmEx)  1850 ( ) , . ( , ), , .

1891 American Express. . , . , . , . . American Express .


 

 


 

( 볺, , , ) . (Diners Club), 1958 American Express . 볺 purple (, . 2.10) GOLD (), EXECUTIVE CREDIT ( ). $15 ( ). . EXECUTIVE CREDIT 1968 . 2.11., [20].

, 1969


 

 

 

. 2.10. American Express 1964


American Express ,

purple American Express.

볺 American Express (. 2.12), Why were changing your card from purple to green. Money green ( American Express . .).

1957 American Express .

, 볺 1964 1 American Express.

,


. 2.11.

EXECUTIVE CREDIT

1968

 

 

AmEx Centurion.


American Express , , 볺 American Express


 

American Express , , , , , .

 

American Express :

(Personal Card, . 2.13.);

(Corporate Card, . 2.14.);

(Gold Card, . 2.15.);

(Platinum Card, .2.16);

(Centurion Card, .2.17), [34].

 


. 2.12.

AmEx


American Express . Large Corporate ( - , American Express ) ( , American Express , ).

, .


 


American Express , , Ⳕ . . ( ,

..), , Global Assist


 

. 2.13.


 

 

. 2.14.


볺 ( ), Membership Rewards (1$/Euro=1 ), ..


 

MEMBERSHIP REWARDS

, /, American Express, . , / , i i i i (, 2500 , 50% i i-i American Express, 7500 , 20000 ii). , , . , .

 


. 2.15.


. 2. 16.


. 2.17.


 

- , American Express . , , , . , i , i, ( i ii , 49 i), i . AmEx ii i i i .

American Express , . . . ( ),


 

, : 볻, , ..

, American Express, , - .

American Express , 6 . 200 , 3700 , 500 . , , American Express . . - i i American Express

$100000, $200000, $400000, $500000. - i i , i , i i i i, i American Express.

 

AmEx Gold Card:*

 


 





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