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.

.1 .. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .: , 2010. 496 . .50-53

.2 : ./.., .. , .. .; . .. ... - .:, 2008.-400 . .45-74

 

7

: . .

: ,

:

ʳ 3

5

1. , , 쳿 .

2. :

: . , . .

:

.. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .45-50 :

1. ?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. 7---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.

1. . - :

A , , ;
, , , ;
, ;
, , , .

2. - , 200 40 :

0,2; 20; 0,02; 2.

3. , 0,4 (40 %):

A3: 2; 2: 3; 2: 5; 5: 2.

4. : HCl; H2S; 20; H2S04.

5. :

; ; ; .

6. ' 2 0,2 . 0,02. . ?

7. .

1 2   = 0 → 1 0 < < 0,03

 

8. ³ ?

) ; ) ; ) ;

9. l 0,01 /1000 2;

) 0,02; ) 0,01; ) 0,03;

10. , 5,0.

) ; ) ; ) ;

11. j Na2SO4, 0,04 /1000 2, t = 25 0C.

) 0,892; ) 0,446; ) 0,666;

12. ?

) 0; ) 0,5; ) 1;

13. ?

) -;) ;) .

˳:

.. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .: , 2010. 496 . .45-50

: ./.., .. , .. .; . .. ... - .:, 2008.-400 . .141-148

.., .. : ..-.: , 2007.-168. .28-36

 

8

: . .

: ,

: ó

ʳ 2

5

1. , , 쳿 .

2. :

: ó . , . . . .

: ;

- ;

 

.. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .57-61 :

1. ?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. , : ) ; ) ; ) . .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. : ) (III) ) .

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. , ZnCl2, Na2S, NaCl ( , , ).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Na, Na2CO3, Al2(SO4)3, K2SO4 ( , , ).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. (III). , , .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

˳:

.. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .: , 2010. 496 . .57-61

: ./.., .. , .. .; . .. ... - .:, 2008.-400 . .154-179

1. .

2. ( , , ).

3. .

4. s-, p - d - .

5. ().

6. ( ).

7. (), .

8. .

9. . . . .

10. . , . , .

11. . .

12. .

13. . .

14. . . .

15. . , .

16. ó . .

17. , .

18. 䳿 .

19. .

 

쳿


1. :

--

--

--

--

2. :

--

--

--

--

3. :

--

--

--

--

4. :

-

-

-

-

5. :

-, 3-5%

- , 0,3-0,5%

- , 0,3-0,5%

-

6. :

-

-

-

7. :

-

-

-

8. -:


-

- , ,

- , , ,

9. Ѻ:

-

- , ,

- , , ,

10. :

-

- , ,

- , , ,

11. : , ..

-

-

-

- -

12. :

-

--

-..

13. :

-

-

-

-

14. :

-

-

-

15. :

-7,2-7,35

-7,39-7,45

-7,45-7,6

-7,6-7,7

16. s-

-,

-,

-,

-,

17. s-

-,

-,

-,

-,

18. (+):

-

-

-

-

19. (+):

-

-

-

20. 0,85-0,9% :

-

-

-

21. (2+) (2+) :

-

-

-

-

23. :

-

-

-

-

24. (,) :

-

-

-

-

25. :

-

-

-

-

26. :

-

-

-

-

27. , - . :

-

-

-

-

28. , , :

-(1+)

-(1+)

-(2+)

-(2+)

29. :

-

-

-

-

30., , :

-

-

-

-

31. - :

-,

-,

-,

-,

32. - :

-,

-,

-,

-,

33. :

-

-

-

-

34. (5%) :

-

-

-

35. :

-5

-3

-2

-6

36. , :

- ()

-

-

- ()

37. :

-

-

-

- , ()

38. :

- 㳿

- ﳿ

-

-

39. ::

-쳿

-

-

-

40. ::

-쳿

-

-

-

41. ::

-쳿

-

-

-

42. ::

-쳿

-

-

-

43. , ( )

-5-10

-30-35

-10-15

-15-20

44. ,

-5-10

-30-35

-10-15

-15-20

45. 55% :

-

-

-

-

46. ( ) :

-

-

-

-

47. :

-

-

48. :

- ,

- , ,

- , ,

- ,

49. - :

-

-

-

-

50.

- - , 䳿

- , 䳿

- , 䳿

- , 䳿

51.

-

- -

- -

-

52.

- ᒺ

-

- ᒺ

- ᒺ

53.

- ᒺ

-

- ᒺ

- ᒺ

54.

- ,

- , , , ,





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, ; , .
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