IV.Составьте английские предложения со следующими словами и фразами.
1.Of the professor, his ability, the attention, attracted. 2. Was made a professor, on his return, to Russia, in 1745, he. 3. Not far from Archangelsk, was born, Lomonosov, in 1711, in a northern village.
V. Вставьте недостающие предлоги.
1. He was born... 1711... the village... Denisovka not far... Archangelsk. 2. He was ten years... age... the time. 3. He walked... Moscow and... concealing his peasant origin he gained admission... the Academy. 4.... his return... Russia he was made a professor. 5. He had a thirst... knowledge.
VI. Заполните пропуски в предложениях.
1. He was refused... to the town school. 2. His ability and diligence attracted the... of the professors. 3. Many of his ideas and discoveries only won... in the nineteenth century. 4. He was the first to... the vegetable origin of coal.
VII. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Этот ученый родился в северной деревне недалеко от Архангельска. 2. В то время ему было восемь лет. 3. Он занимался арифметикой прилежней, чем грамматикой. 4. Ломоносова отказались принять в школу, т. к. он был сыном крестьянина. 5. Когда Ломоносов был студентом, он жил впроголодь на три копейки в день. 6. Студенты часто высмеивали его. 7. Способности и прилежание этого студента привлекли внимание профессоров. 8. Его открытия получили признание во всем мире. 9. Он первым открыл это явление. 10. Его открытия сыграли огромную роль в развитии химии. 11. Ломоносов был основателем Московского университета.
VIII. Запомните следующие слова и фразы.
To be... years of age, to make progress, to attract attention, to win recognition, to play a (great) role, to observe, diligence, admission, ability, to appreciate.
Grammar Exercises
I. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную форму.
1. You live in a big house. 2. He reads much. 3. He worked much yesterday. 4.She will take this book from the library tomorrow.
II. Заполните пропуски вопросительными словами who или what.
1.... says that? 2.... do you say? 3.... do you study? 4.... studies well? 5.... do you like? 6.... wants to take this pen? 7.... opens the window?
III.Задайте специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым членам предложения.
1. The boy studies well. 2. My brother travelled by bus last summer. 3. We like our dinner. 4. I shall listen to the radio. 5. Ann reads a book in the library. 6. We go to the Institute every day. 7. They will see this film next week.
IV. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Do you want to travel by bus or by train? 2. Did you have breakfast at home or at canteen? 3. Does your friend know English or French? 4. Will you play tennis or volleyball? 5. Do you get up early or late? 6. Shall I speak to your father or to you mother?
V. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Вы изучаете английский или французский язык? 2. Я могу читать и переводить с английского? 3.Я немного говорю по-английски? 4. Какой иностранный язык вы знаете? 5. Немецкий язык достаточно трудный. 6. Я думаю, мы скоро сможем читать книги на иностранном языке.
VI. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Он читает по-французски, не так ли? 2. Его сын уже умеет писать, не правда ли? 3. Он хороший студент? 4. У него нет вашей книги, не правда ли? 5. Фильм был не очень интересен, правда?
VII. Поставьте общие, специальные, альтернативные, разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. Boris came from Kiev. 2. The weather was nice that day. 3. They go to work early in the morning. 4. He will come home late.
Прочтите и переведите текст. Перескажите текст. Поставьте 10 вопросов к тексту.
Here is your money
It is two o’clock at night. A young American doctor is fast asleep. Suddenly he hears the door-bell ring. (Вдруг он слышит, что звонит звонок.) What can a doctor do? It's his duty to help his patients even at night. When he opens the door, he sees a gentlman.
"How do you do, Doctor?" says the gentleman. "Can you go now to a place out of town? It's not near? I know you have a car. I can show you the way, "Certainly," says the doctor. ''1 am quite ready. I can go with you now."
He goes to the garage and takes his car. In a few minutes the car is standing in front of the house and they start off.
They drive (= go) for some time. They must be about 10 or 15 kilometers from the town when the gentleman says: "Here we are. This is my home. Thank you very much. Now I want to pay you and you can go back home."
"How can I go back?" says the doctor. "I must see the patient. Where is he?"
"There is no patient" says the gentleman. "Nobody is ill. I live here, as you see and one must get home somehow. There are no taxis at this time of the night but it's a duty of a doctor to help his patients even at night. So, excuse me. Here is your money. Thank you. Good night."
Lesson 4
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Tsiolkovsky – Founder of Astronautics
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky was born on September, 5, 1857. in the village of Izhevsk, in Ryazansky province. When he was ten he contracted scarlet fever; although he recovered he was left permanently deaf. This was to have a great influence on the subsequent course of his life. He educated himself; he read; he wrote verses; he constructed models-balloons, a winged flying machine, a carriage driven by a steam turbine, etc... It was not until he reached the age of fifteen that he became acquainted with even elementary mathematics. At about this time he first conceived the idea of constructing a large balloon or dirigible with a metallic envelope. This idea was one to which he was to return again and again throughout his life. When he was sixteen he began to think of applying centrifugal force to the ascent into space, but soon he realized his mistake. This experience made him realize the gaps in his knowledge and he began to study higher mathematics. He actually became a mathematics and physics teacher. And remained so for nearly forty years.
Tsiolkovsky carried out experiments on steam engines for a time, but then he returned to the theoretical study of the metallic dirigible. In 1887, his first published communication on the dirigible appeared. Mendeleev was interested in this work and helped Tsiolkovsky. Thus, through his agency, Tsiolkovsky was able to present a paper on his aeronautical work to the Imperial Russian Technical Society in 1890; he also submitted a model of dirigible. The account of this work was eventually submitted to the Imperial Academy of Sciences, who regarded it favourably and made him a grant of 470 rubles.
Meanwhile he had not given up his ideas about space travel. A popular account of his views on this subject was first published in 1895, and a more detailed survey of a liquid-fuelled spaceship1 was prepared in 1898 and eventually published in 1903. This first design was a streamline shape2 divided up into a long conical combustion chamber3 propellant tanks4, and a living compartment5. It embodies one of Tsiolkovsky's great contributions to aeronautics – the use of liquid fuels.
During the next quarter of a century, Tsiolkovsky brought out various other designs for rocket propelled spaceships6. They were not intended as working drawings for the construction of these vessels, but rather as a rough guide to the equipment and facilities that would be needed. Some of them are grotesque, but others are now standard practice in the guided missile7 field. However, Tsiolkovsky's fame does not rest solely on these proposals. During the period 1903 – 1926 he published several articles and books dealing with the mathematical theory of rocket flights and space travel. He obtained equations enabling us to work out the velocities and expenditure of energy needed for flight along different types of path, the effect of a resistance, the times of fight, etc. His calculations showed that it would be perfectly possible to travel out into space in rockets and even to set up manned space stations around the Earth.
Notes
| 1 a liquid-fuelled spaceship | – космический корабль на жидком топливе |
| 2 a streamline shape | – обтекаемой формы |
| 3 a combustion chamber | – камера сгорания |
| 4 a propellant tank | – бак с реактивным топливом |
| 5 a living compartment | – кабина для человека |
| 6 a rocket propelled spaceship | – космический корабль, приводимый в движение ракетой |
| 7 a guided missile | – управляемый снаряд |
Vocabulary Exercises
I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. When and where was Tsiolkovsky born? 2. What happened to Tsiolkovsky when he was ten? 3. How old was Tsiolkovsky when he first conceived the idea of constructing a large balloon or dirigible with a metallic envelope? 4. What was Tsiolkovsky's idea of the ascent into space when he was sixteen? 5. What great Russian scientist was interested in his work and helped Tsiolkovsky? 6. What was Tsiolkovsky able to do through Mendeleev's agency? 7. What are Tsiolkovsky's great contributions to aeronautics? 8. What did his calculations show? 10. When did Tsiolkovsky die?
II. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. Tsiolkovsky was born in 1857 in the village of Izhevsk. 2. A popular account of his views on space travel was first published in 1895. 3. His calculations showed that it would be possible to travel out into space in rockets.
