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IV. . 10 .
Jack was a small dog. But he was cleverer than big dogs. His master () taught him to do many tricks. Jack learnt them more rapidly than a dog could do. But there was one thing Jack could not understand. All dogs like to bury () their food in the ground. Jack often buried a bone or a piece of bread. He never forgot where he could find it. When he was hungry, he always knew where to look for food.
In summer when the weather got warmer Jack loved to gnaw () a piece of ice. It made his mouth feel cooler. He sat and waited when the iceman left a piece of ice for him. Later when he dug () in the place where he had left the ice there was no ice there. He seemed greatly puzzled () when he could not find the ice.
Lesson 7
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin, American statesman1, printer, scientist2, inventor, and writer, was born3 about three hundred years ago in Boston, Massachusetts. At the time of his birth, 1706, Massachusetts was still a colony and the United States had not yet become an independent nation. At that time candles were used for lights in houses and Franklin's father was a candle-maker. Benjamin was the tenth of seventeen children. When he. was only ten years old he had to leave school4 to help his father.
Benjamin was not happy working in his father's candle shop, and so when he was thirteen his father sent him to Ben's elder brother where he became a printer. In these years he learned to write so well that he often wrote something for his brother's newspaper.
Franklin liked the work in the printing shop, but he did not get along very well with5 his brother. At the age of seventeen6 he set out to make his own way in the world7. He went to New York, but not finding any work there, went to Philadelphia. He arrived there dirty and hungry.
Franklin began working in a printing shop in Philadelphia, but by 1729 he became the owner of a popular newspaper.
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Franklin was greatly interested in electricity and is famous for flying a kite during a thunderstorm: thus he proved the connection of lightning with electricity. This was one of the many investigations, which won Franklin recognition8 as a scientist.
In Philadelphia Franklin founded9 the first public library in America. Franklin served his country as a statesman and as a diplomat. Benjamin Franklin died in 1790 when he was eighty-four years old.
Notes
| 1 statesman | |
| 2 scientist | |
| 3 was born | |
| 4 to leave school | ; |
| 5 to get along well with somebody | , , - |
| 6 at the age of 17 | 17 |
| 7 to make one's own way in the world | , , |
| 8investigations, which won recognition | , , |
| 9 to found | |
| 10 to serve one's country |
Vocabulary Exercises
I. .
) 1. What do you know about Franklin? 2. When and where was he born? 3. What was Massachusetts at the time of his birth? 4. What was Franklin's father? 5. What did Franklin do at his brother's shop? 6. What was Franklin greatly interested in? 7. What did Franklin found in Philadelphia? 8. How did Franklin serve his country? 9. What brought Franklin recognition as a scientist? 10. When did he die?
b) 1. What famous Russian scientists do you know? 2. What did Popov invent? 3. What is Edison famous for? 4. Who discovered the Periodic Law? 5. What was the name of the woman who worked in the field () of chemistry and discovered radium? 6. Who is the father of Russian aviation? 7. Who is the founder of astronautics? 8. What law did Isaac Newton discover? Is this law important for science?
