.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


4




- DIP. , . .

- . , . , . , , IRQ, - .

- . . , .

Plug and Play

(Plug and Play). , , , ' . .

! , . : , "Plug and Play", :

- BIOS ' ;

- ' .

. ', 1995 , . ϳ Windows 95/98/ME Windows 2000/XP. , Windows NT . - , .

 

.

- , ( 2.2).

-
. . , '.

, '. ' .

 

. ' : 1 COM2. ` '.

, , . ' , :

- `. ` USB USB.

USB , , PnP; 12 /.

 

̳ UART

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter). UART, .

' UART 8250 9 600 /. , , , 56 /, UART 9 600 /.

' UART 16450 16550, 115 200 /.

̳ UART 16650 16750 . UART, ' .

' , - , . 9 600 /. 䳿 .

 

, . . Web- . "" .

 

, , "" , IRQ, - , . , , `. . , .

 

' . ', , , '. ' , Windows NT Server 256 '.

256 ? ' (, , ), .

( ) '. , . , ' .

 

( 2.3).

 

 

䳿:

- Enter;

- ;

- -. , ;

- , ;

- , -, ;

- , - ;

- , ;

- ;

- , ;

- -;

- -, .

- .

, , :

- ;

- ;

- , DTR ( ) ;

- ;

- , , DSR ( ); DCD ( -);

- RTS , CTS . ³ .

, . ֳ . DTR/DSR RTS/CTS . - (XON/XOFF).

: ( ), , , , , (BBS), , .

 

, . , ' , ' .25 ' Frame Relay.

.

- CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit ) `, -1. CSU . DSU , .

- PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler / ) " ' , .25. . ³ . , PAD, .

 

2.2 㳿

㳿 , . , .

㳺 '. 㳿 , .

 

2.2.1

. ˳ (-, 56 / -1) ' ( 2.4).

 
 

' . . , . 6.3, , - . 㳿 "" , . , -.

, . ʳ .

.

 

2.2.2 ʳ

ʳ , 㳿 ( 2.5).

ʳ . , 2.5, -, .

 
 

㳿 , . , 㳺 , .

ʳ , .

 

2.2.3 dz

-, , . , 2.6, - .


㳺 , 㳺. .

㳿 . .2.6 - . , .

 

2.2.4 㳿

㳿 ' . . , . , ' .

㳿 ' . 㳿 '. 㳺 , , .

㳺 1.4 1.5.

 

2.2.5

, -, , ' ( 2.7).

, . .

. , .


2.3

, :

- ;

- .

.

 

, . . 볿 , , ' , . () , . , , , .

Internet. , , . , ' ' .

 

 

2.3.1

'

, '. ' - ', '. ' "" ', ' . ' - ' ' . , ' Internet .

' "", .

, 㳿 . , , . , ', ' '.

㳿 :

- PSTN;

- ;

- Switched 56.

 

PSTN

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network ) . ' .

PSTN : PSTN ; ' .

' . . , .

, '. , "" .

. 56 /, "" 4045 /. 20 /, .

 

' , , . ' , Internet.

 

Switched 56

Switched 56 PSTN ( ), 56 / . ' Switched 56 , , 璺 .

PSTN 56 /. , 50 /, . , Switched 56 56 /. 璺, , PSTN.

 

2.3.2

. . .

㳿 :

- .25;

- Frame Relay;

- ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

.

 

.25

.25 . ' , IBM 360. .25 .

, .25, PSDN (Public Switched Data Network ). .25.

.25 ARPAnet 1822. .25 㳿, 1976 Ѳ (Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraptiique et Telephonique).

1993 Ѳ ITU (International Telecommunications Union).

PSDN OS1. .25 .

- PSDN X.21.

- LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced).

- PLP (Packet Layer Protocol).

.25 . 1970- , , . PSDN .25 . , . PSDN 64 / .

. 璺 PSDN :

PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler).

璺 .32.

璺 PSDN  .25.

 

Frame Relay

, .25. 㳿 .25 . , Frame Relay 㳿 .25, Ѳ. OS, , .25. Frame Relay , , .25. 璺 Relay Frame .25.

㳿 Frame Relay OS1 . 㳿 , .25, . Frame Relay 1,5 45 /, -1 -3. Frame Relay 㳺 .

Frame Relay ' PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit , ). , , , .

PVC , ( ).

Frame Relay , , .25. , . , Frame Relay 璺 -1 .

 

ATM

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode ) , , - . ATM QoS (Quality of Service ). QoS , .

ATM. . ATM : 25, 155, 520 622,080 /. 10 /, . 璺 , , , , , .

53 , . , , 5 .

ǒ , . , . ( Frame Relay, ),

ǒ . ǒ . : PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit ) it SVC (Switched Virtual Circuit ). PVC, SVC ATM ( Frame Relay .25, 璺). 䳿 ATM.

, ATM , .

 

2.4 㳿

, 㳿 . 䳿 , .

㳿 -SONET, ISDN.CATVuSMDS.

 

O-SONET

O optical carrier ( ), a SONET Synchronous Optical Network ( ). SONET - . SONET 20 /. SONET ATM .

, SONET SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy).

SONET . 2.4.1 ( ).

2.1

 

г
-1( ) -3 -12 -48 51,84 / 155,52 / 622,08 / 2,488 /

 

SONET ISDN.

 

2.4.2 ISDN

㳿 ISDN (Broadband ISDN BISDN) - SONET, FDDI {Fiber Distributed Data Interface - ) Frame Relay.

㳿, , , 璺 Internet . 㳿 DSL .





:


: 2016-03-27; !; : 485 |


:

:

- - , .
==> ...

1834 - | 1781 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.1 .