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DES (Data Encryption Standard ) 1976 . 16. 56 , 8 /. , . DES " DES" 3DES, DES 3 , " " .

IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), 128 .

28147-89 DES, 256 , . , , "" . , , - "" .

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, , public-key systems. , , PGP (Pretty Good Privacy ). . , . () . . x f(x) (). . f(x) x , "" .

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9.3.
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S Scott  
A Adleman  
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RSA.

, , . , ( ) ( ) . . , . , ( ) " " . LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ). .

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