IP- .
IP , ARP ARP, , IP- IP. .
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ARP, . , .
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IP, , .
ARP
, . IP .
, . IP () . , IP . IP , .
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ICMP. .
ICMP (. Internet Control Message Protocol ) , TCP/IP. ICMP , , , , , .
ICMP . ICMP- IP-, ICMP-. IP ICMP- IP, IP-, Time to live (TTL) IP , TTL 0, ICMP- TTL .
ICMP- IP-, , , UDP, ICMP ( TCP).
ICMP IP. , TCP UDP: , , . ICMP ( Ping Traceroute).