- , . , , (, - , - ). ( , / , ), ( , /).
, .
OSI (. Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model ) .
. . .
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
19 TCP/IP. OSI.
TCP/IP (. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) , . (. stack, ) , , , , . , TCP IP.
TCP/IP : (application), (transport), (internet), (network access).
OSI. TCP/IP IP-. .
, TCP/IP OSI, . , OSI Internetworking .
TCP/IP 3 (, ) OSI . , .
IP.
Internet Protocol IP (. internet protocol ) , TCP/IP.
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IP , . , ( OSI) . , , , ( ; ), ( ) . ( ) OSI , TCP IP .
IP , IPv4. IP IP- 4 (4 ). . , , ( A, B, C; , ).
IPv6, , IPv4. , . IPv4 IPv6 .