(10-15 ).
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6
1 :
WER-type plant safety
One of the high-priority tasks of the concern Rosenergoatom is to improve the NPP availability factor which means increase of the plants economical efficiency and competitiveness.
The concern Rosenergoatom developed and is now implementing the operating NPP availability factor improvement program for the period up to the year of 2005 with the following major areas of activities:
- improvement of the NPP unit maintenance and repairs;
- optimization of the NPP operational modes;
- improvement of the NPP operations availability;
- implementation of the fuel cycle improvements;
- optimization of the activities or upgradings' organization and implementation.
Implementation of the measures within the above program resulted in increase of the VVER-type plant availability factor in 2003 by 1,8 %. The factor reached 79,6 %, which corresponds to the mean world's average.
Findings of inspections and tests performed at the Russian plants, including those with involvement of the international experts, confirm compliance of the safety level in the VVER-type operating plants with the national and international standards.
All this proves that at present the safety of the VVER-type operating units meets the current requirements.
RBMK-1000 Plant Safety
In all the operating RBMK-1 plants a set of technical and organizational measures was completed where these measures significantly improve plant safety and prevent recurrence of the accidents of Chernobyl type.
To ensure maximum compliance of the RBMK-1000 reactor safety level with the current requirements, the activities are now being continued for their upgrading and technical renovation.
At all Kursk, Leningrad and Smolensk NPP power units, the reactor pressure channels are being replaced, the emergency cooling, control and protection, and centralized monitoring systems are being upgraded, and advanced diagnostic facilities are being implemented.
With completion of the upgrade of the plant steam/gas release systems at the Kursk-4 in 2003, the program for increase of steam discharge capacity from the reactor cavity in emergency, in case of rupture of the pressure channels, was completely implemented for all RBMK-1000 reactors.
As of 01.01.2004, replacement of the pressure channels are completed at the Kursk-1 and Leningrad-1 and 2.
The second stage upgrading activities were continued at the Kursk-2 and Leningrad-3.
In the year of 2003, at the Kursk-1 the special systems and mathematical software PRIZMA-M were put into commercial operation.
During the year of 2003, according to regulatory licenses (Gosatomnadzor of Russia) and work plans, all the RBMK-1 cores were transferring to uranium-erbium fuel, including full loading with 2, % - enriched uranium- erbium fuel.
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The licenses of Gosatomnadzor of Russia were obtained, and the partial load of 2,8 % enriched uranium-erbium fuel was started in the Leningrad-2 and 3.
Implementation of the cluster control rods within the Control and Protection System in the RBMK-1 reactors was continued. According to the GAN licenses, pilot controls rods were installed at Kursk-1, 3 and 4, Leningrad-2 and 3, and Smolensk-1 and 2.
2 :
1) economical efficiency and competitiveness;
2) safety of operating units meets the current requirements;
3) improvement of the NPP unit maintenance and repairs;
4) optimization of the NPP operational modes;
5) improvement of the NPP operations availability;
6) implementation of the fuel cycle improvements;
7) optimization of the activities;
8) mean world's average;
9) control and protection system;
10) compliance of the safety level with the national and international standards.
3 :
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4 , . , , :
1) to improve;
2) available;
3) to implement;
4) to optimize;
5) national;
6) to require;
7) to replace;
8) complete;
9) to charge;
10) place.
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Implementation of the cluster control rods within the Control and Protection System in the RBMK-1 reactors was continued.
6 , : , ( , ), , one (ones), that (those), :
1) One of the high-priority tasks of the concern Rosenergoatom is to im prove the NPP availability factor which means increase of the plants economical efficiency and competitiveness.
2) Findings of inspections and tests per formed at the Russian plants, including those with involvement of the international experts, confirm compliance of the safety level in the VVER-type operating plants with the national and international standards.
3)To ensure maximum compliance of the RBMK-1000 reactor safety level with the current requirements, the activities are now being continued for their upgrading and technical renovation.
4) The second stage upgrading activities were continued at the Kursk-2 and Leningrad-3.
5) The licenses of Gosatomnadzor of Russia were obtained, and the partial load of 2,8 % enriched uranium-erbium fuel was started in the Leningrad-2 and 3.
7 :
1)What is one of the high-priority tasks of the concern Rosenergoatom?
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2) What are the major areas of activities of the concern Rosenergoatom?
3) What is the mean world's average of availability factor?
4) When were all the RBMK-1 cores transferring to uranium-erbium fuel?
5) What kind of measures improve plant safety and prevent recurrence of the accidents of Chernobyl type?
6) When is the replacement of the pressure channels completed at the Kursk-1 and Leningrad-1 and 2?
7) Where (at what NPP) were the special systems and mathematical software PRIZMA-M put into commercial operation in the year of 2003?
