:
:
1. , , , .
2. , , .
3. .
4. .
5. -
6.
- , , , (.. )
ү үң, ғ ңң қ қ ң ә қ ө ұқғ қ ғ (ң ғқ қң ө).
ү қң
ғ ;
ң ү;
ұ - .
ү өң қ қ :
- ққ
- ң ққ
- ұ
Heart failure (HF) is the state when impaired cardiac function is unable to maintain an adequate circulation for the metabolic needs of the tissues of the body. (Harsh Mochan). Malfunction of the heart itself, to pump enough blood to satisfy the needs of the body (Guyton)
Pathogenic classification
HF due to increased workload
Myocardial HF
Miscellaneous HF
According to localization of damage
- Left-sided
- Right-sided
- Total
( )
(, )
ü
- ( )
( )
ü ()
ü
..
|
|
( )
( )
.
.
,
( )
( )
( , , )
-
-
(, F2 a, 2)
-
:
¯
ü -
ü ¯ ( , )
ü
ü
ü
,
,
,
, (, )
-
|
|
-
( , ¯ )
. ( , , , +)
(, )
¯
¯ , , - ¯
- -
, ¯ (¯ - -
(¯ - ; ; )
(- )
ü (¯ , ¯ )
ü
ü - - (¯
¯ ( ), ¯ ( ), ,
,
, ¯ ( ),
¯
:
1. ( ),
2. : : : ʳ, 2004.
:
1. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, 2010, 2, . 179-246
2. : / .. ... 2- . .: -, 2004. . 388-418
3. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 142-154.
4. : / ...: -. -2008.-. 356-362: / .. ..: -. -2004.- . 2. . 106-121, 140-158
5. : . / .. .. .-: .-, 2006, . 466-490.
( )
1.
2. ..
3.