, 2. , , , .
, , , . , . . , , . .
1991 . - . .
, , . - , . .
III. :
8.7 ( 01.10.2004 ., .)
1. | 48 228 | 1. | 1 377 270 |
2. , , , | 2 726 248 | 2. : ; - | 1 536 351 796 032 386 574 |
3. : -; | 192 846 524 160 694 | 3. | 31 302 |
4. : | 281 492 259 928 | 4. | 80 921 |
5. : | 74 972 53 320 | 5. | 297 942 |
3 323 786 | 3 323 786 |
(. 8.7).
{monetary base) - , . .
(money multiplier) - , , , .
|
|
8. -,
{deposit expansion multiplier) - ; , , .
(excess reserves) , , ; .
(open-market operations) - .
(cash turnover forecast) - , , .
(credit refinancing) - ; , .
(targeting) - , , .
- (T-account) - - ; , ( ), .
(discount rate) - , , .
() (fractional reserve banking) - , , 100% ; , , .