: .
. , , . : (, ), (, ).
. ( . 2.1) v F, S , () . , , : v , . ( ) = d v /d H, H . . 2.1 , = const, . F
(2.1)
t = h × (2.1)
t = F/S , . h , .
, t . , . t ,
. .
. , 1.00×103 ×, 1.45 ×. ( , : 1.00 /3 1.26 /3 ).
, , ( ; . ), , , , , . . . ( , ) "" . , ,
|
|
h = h (1 + k × f) (2.2)
h - , f - , , , k , . k 5/2 (. . 2.5 ), 2.5 , . , k . , (2.2) . (, ) , - . , . , , , k , 2.5.
~2 . % (f > 0.02)
h = h (1 + k×f + k 2× f 2), (2.3)
k (2.2), k 2 , 7 14.
(2.3)
= k×f + k 2× f 2 (2.4)
h/h , (h - h )/ h . , . (2.4), f:
= k + k 2× f (2.5)
, (2.5) k k 2 . , , f (, /3) .
, . , , , ( "" ). . -, . , , (. 2.2). -, ( ) , . , . , . , , .
|
|
, . , , / 100 3 ( , 1 , , ). , ,
h = h ×(1+ [ h ]× + K 2×[ h ] 2 ×c 2) (2.6)
= [ h ] + K 2×[ h ] 2× c (2.6)
[ h ] , 2 . 2.0 () 0.3 0.5 . . (2.6) , k (2.5), / /, k . Ÿ (2.6) . , ,
(2.7)
, , -:
[ h ] = × (2.8)
a - () , / . 102 105 /, a 0 2. a . ,
a = 0 ,
a = 0.5 0.8 ,
a = 2 .
, a = 0 . (2.2), , :
= k (2.2)
a (2.8) , ( ). ( ) . , i c i i . [ h ] , , i , [ h ]i× c i, , (2.6) , :
(2.9)
(2.8) , , a , , (2.9)
(2.9), , :
, (2.10)
- . . , , c i= i× N i, N i i :
|
|
(2.11)
, , , . , , , ( , - ), , , , ( , ), :
;
a = 1, , a < 1, - > > . , , . .
, . : , , ( , , ).
. . , , r, . , , h / r.
w , . R R , :
e - R 0/ R, H .
. , . , ( ). , , :
( . . 1, - 1.1). v st , . , v st, , . , .
, . h.
, , , D, -:
|
|
k B , , R ( ). , , . , , , :
, , , , . , "" , "" .
(. . 2.3, ). , 1 2, - ( . 2.3 - 1 2; ). , , - . 2 1 , 1. 1 . , 1 2.
: , . U =d V /d t, V - ,
, (2.12)
R - , P - , , L - . 1 ( h 1) 2 ( h 2) rgh 1 rgh 2, r - , g . - .
d t, d V h, d t = d V / U. 1 2
(2.13)
h r, (2.13), , .
(2.13) , , t o h r . t c h r ( ), :
(2.14)
. , , . , r = r , (2.14)
(2.15)
.
1. 5 ( 1 .%) 0 % ( ). . .
2. - 2 (). - 1, ( . 2.3 1 2 ). , . , 2. 1, 1 ( ) 2, .
|
|
3. , 1 2. . 3 .
4. , . , , ( 1 , )
1. (. .. 2.1) .%, /100 3 (.. /), 1 /3. t .2.1 ( 0 .% ).
2. (2.6), [ h ] K 2×[ h ]2 .
(. . 2.4 ). (2.6). , [ h ], (2.6), b = K 2×[ h ]2, (. 2.1). b , K 2, , K 2 = b/[ h ]2.
3. (2.8) . , (2.8) = 5.66×104 / a = 0.67 7.5×10-6 / 0.016 a. ( , .)
4. , .
1. ?
2. , ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ? ?
7. ( ) ?
8. ?
9. ? ( ?)
10. ?
11. ?
12. ?
13. ?
14. , , -, , ( , .)?
15. ?
16. , ?
17. , , - D = kB/(6phR), R ?
18. , -2, 1 2 (. 2.2). : 2, 1 ?
.., .., .., .., .. . . 1. : 1986, . 2.
. 1. . ( .. ). ( .) : 1955, 9.
. . ( .) : 1965, 6.
Dickinson E., Stainsby G. Colloids in food. L: Applied Science 1982, Chapter 7.
. 1. ( .. ) : . . 1988, "" ( 2.1)
. 2.1
. 2.2 . () () ( )
. 2.3 -2
. 2.4 () e