) 23 . . , . .
) . . .
) , , . . .
) 2 3 (II) , () . . .
1. ?
2. :
) Al2(SO4)3 + Pb(NO3)2 → ) ZnS + HCl →
) Zn(OH)2 + NaOH → ) HCN + NaOH→
) Fe(OH)3 + HNO3 →
9
. .
ò˲
. :
2 
+ +ˉ.
䳿 , 2
= 
.
22 (2) = 1,8 10ˉ16. + ˉ,
[+][ˉ] = 1,8 10ˉ16 [2].
, , 1 , ( 1/3),
[ 2] = 1000/18 = 55,56 ;
[ +] [ˉ] = 1,8 10ˉ16 55,56 = 10ˉ14;
[ +] [ˉ] = 10ˉ14.
.
ʳ , :
[H+] = [OHˉ] = 10ˉ7 /.
+ :
[ +] = a k,
, /; a ; k +, .
,
[ +] = 10ˉ7 ;
[ +] > 10ˉ7 ;
[ +] < 10ˉ7 .
, . , :
|
|
|
7, , > 7 , < 7 . 0 14. 㳺 ,
= 
.
- 22 + = 14.
- . , .
ó . :
) , :
KCN + H2O HCN + KOH;
CNˉ + H2O HCN + OHˉ , > 7;
) , :
NH4Cl + H2O NH4OH + HCl;
NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + H+ , pH < 7;
) , :
CH3COONH4 + H2O CH3COOH + NH4OH.
, .
, , .
, , ,
Na2CO3 + H2O NaHCO3 +NaOH; CO32ˉ + H2O HCO3ˉ + OHˉ;
NaHCO3 + H2O NaOH + H23 ; HCO3ˉ + H2O H23+ OHˉ.
, , ZnCL2:
ZnCL2 + H2O ZnOHCl + HCl; Zn2+ + H2O ZnOH+ + H+;
ZnOHCl + H2O Zn(OH)2 + HCl; ZnOH+ + H2O Zn(OH)2 + H+.
: .
: .
: , , ,
10%- , , ; 0,1 ; 0,1
1%- , , , .
