4.29. . , , () . , , .
, , , , , , - (. . 4.36).
4.30. :
(h + d) £ [(h + d)], (4.5)
(h + d) - ( ), ;
[(h + d)] - , , ..
4.31.
[(h + d)] = t. + [t], (4.6)
t. - , , , ( 10);
[t] - , .
.
4.32
[t] = /c/ + /t/ t1 = f ([ i t]:t.), (4,7)
t1 - (. 4.5);
t - , - 0,3, - 0,6, - 1,0 - 1,5.
, , t1 = 0C.
4.33. (. . 4.5), t t , :
[tt]= , (4.8)
[z] - , ;
r - , 335 000 /;
W - , ;
W - , ;
g - , /3;
l - , /(×).
4.34.
[z] = l /, (4.9)
l - (. . 4.18);
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- 3- (. . 4.22 6), .
l . 4.18, , . , l , , , l - .
4.35 (4.5) , :
; ; ; ; ; ; = 0,5(tmax - tmin),
h - , , . . , ;
d - , ;
A - , (. 10);
w- , -1;
1, 2 - , [a=l/(g)], 2/;
i - /(×).
. 4.5. t1/t. [tt]/t.
. 4.6. s1/s3 = 0,8 N = A(h + d)/A
(. 4.6, 4.7). A(h + d)/A, (. . 4.6) , A(h + d)/A = [A(h + d)]/A. , s1/s2. s1/s2 , . 2 w = 2×10-7 -1, d.
, . s1/s2 = s 0,8, ( . 4.6) ( . 4.7). s1/s3 = 0,8 ( . 4.6) s1/s3 ( . 4.7) , ds.
d = ds, (4.10)
= 0,8 - , .
(. . 4.6, 4.7), . , A(h + d) , ; .
4.36. , , .
, , , h, .
l , (4.11)
u - , ;
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i - .
g :
g , (4.12)
, (4.13)
, , .
s i - (, .) , , . , W, W (. . 4.33) g i (. . 4.35) .
4.37.
[z] = Sh + l /, (4.14)
Sh - , .
. 4.7.
4.3
l , | i , %, | |||
I | II | III | ||
0,5 | 1,0 | 1,0-2,0 | ||
I-II | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,0 | |
III | - | 4,0 | 5,0 |
. 1 % 1 /.
4.38. . 4.4 (4.1) , . z z1, , , :
z = Sh i e i + de + [z]; z1, = She i + de; (4.15)
a. = [z]2/(2t), (4.16)
t , (4.17)
e i, e - (. 9, . 32), , ;
a. - , , (4.16);
t - , (4.17).
[(h + d)] (4.6).
4.39. , , L ( ) :
L = 10 l / l , (4.18)
l - (. 4.3), ;
l - , (. . 4.3), % .
4.40. , ( ) .