SQL (Structure Query Language, ) - , , , .
SELECT. , , , , . SELECT . SELECT , :
SELECT [] _
FROM _
[WHERE _]
[GROUP BY _ ]
[HAVING _]
[ORDER BY _]
SELECT ( ) () :
SELECT [] _
SELECT , , . :
- *- , ;
- .* | .* | .* - | | .
:
- DISTINCT - , SELECT.
- TOP n [PERCENT] , SELECT n . PERCENT, , n .
FROM (), :
FROM [AS ] | [AS ]
, .
WHERE , FROM SELECT, :
WHERE _ | 1. {*= | =*} 2.
, .
, , , .
, ( ). (>, <, >=, <=, =, <>), . (AND, OR, NOT) / / . IN, LIKE, BETWEEN,.
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LIKE Char, VarChar (), :
[NOT] LIKE .
:
- % () , :
WHERE LIKE % , ;
- _ () , :
WHERE LIKE _% , , ;
- [ ] , , :
WHERE LIKE [-]% , ;
- [^] , , :
WHERE LIKE [^-]% , .
IN , , , :
[NOT] IN (_1, _2,...)|
, WHERE IN (, , ).
BETWEEN AND , , :
[NOT] BETWEEN _1 AND _2.
_1 _2 . , . . , WHERE BETWEEN AND .
IS NULL , , NULL- , :
IS [NOT] NULL.
GROUP BY , , SELECT , :
GROUP BY [ALL] _ [WITH {CUBE | ROLLUP}].
_ . , , .
ALL GROUP BY , .
WITH CUBE . , ( , ).
WITH ROLLUP .
.
AVG() , :
AVG ([ALL | DISTINCT] )
ALL ( ).
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DISTINCT .
Count() , , :
COUNT ({[ALL / DISTINCT] / * })
* GROUP BY.
Sum() , :
SUM ([ALL | DISTINCT] ).
Max() , :
MAX ([ALL | DISTINCT] ).
Min() , :
MIN([ALL | DISTINCT] ).
HAVING , .
ORDER BY , , . ASC DESC :
- ASC ( );
- DESC .
