G - , X = { x 1, x 2,..., xn } A = { a 1, a 2,..., an }. , X, A: G = (X, A).
, ; , .
, . . . , ( ).
3.1.
. 3.1 G = (X, A).
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4},
A = { a 1 = (x 1, x 2), a 2 = (x 2, x 3), a 3 = (x 1, x 3), a 4 = (x 3, x 4)}.
. 3.1.
3.2.
. 3.2. G = (X, A).
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4},
A = { a 1= (x 1, x 2), a 2= (x 1, x 3), a 3= (x 3, x 4), a 4= (x 3, x 2)}.
. 3.2.
, , , .
. . , , .
, .
. . .
. .
3.3.
. 3.3. G = (X, A).
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4},
A = .
c. 3.3.
, , x y a, a.
, . , .
, . , 0, , 1 .
, , , G (), G () = { y: (x y) G }. G (x) x. G- 1() , , , G- 1(y)= { x: (x, y) G }. G- 1() y.
3.4.
, . 3.1, a 1 x 1, x 2; x 2 a 1, a 2; x 33; x 1 x 3; a 1 a 2; x 4. , . 3.2, a 1 x 1, - x 2; x 1 a 1 a 2; G (x 1) = { x 2, x 3}, G (x 2) = Æ, G- 1(x 3) = { x 1}, G- 1(x 1) = Æ.
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G , G. . , ,
G = (X, A)- , xi xj (xi, xj).
G = (X, A)- , (xi, xj) (xj, xi).
G = (X, A) - , , .
G = (X, A) , X X 1 X 2, X 1, X 2.