, , ( a fortiori ) , , . ; , .
1. , PL, L . , . PL , , , . PL, L , . , - . PL, L . , , , , -, , -
28 . Louis Kaplow. Optimal Deterrence, Uninformed Individuals, and Acquiring Information About Whether Acts Are Subject to Sanctions, 6 J. Law, Econ. & Organization 93 (1990).:
,
. , , , , .
, , . , , L . : , , . , PL . , L , , . , ; PL , , .
2. , , . , , . , , . , , 1, , , .
|
|
( ) : - . ex ante ex post29 , 13. , , L (. . , ) -
29 . Steven Shavell. Liability for Harm Versus Regulation of Safety, 13 J. Leg. Stud. 357 (1984).
, , , , . ( ) , PL,30 , . PL L.
; . , . PL , , L , .
, . , . ? , , , , . (?) , , , , . , , - ? , , ?
. 7.4 (. . 6.15) . . . . X -
|
|
30 PL? . . 6.12.
... 327
Y, , X . , () L , , X . , : , X . , X . , , ( ), . 6.15, .