Read, translate and try to retell the text
Some biologists study plants, others study microbes, and some study fungi, such as mushrooms. Zoologists study animals with and without backbones, from worms, insects, and mollusks to fish, birds, and, of course, mammals. If you choose this major, youll study the whole organism. But youll also look at its parts, from the chemical makeup of its body to its cells and organs. In addition, youll study whole populations of species and the ways animals adapt to their environments.
Zoology is the study of animals, a complex discipline that draws upon a diverse body of scientific observation and theory. It can be broken down into numerous sub-disciplines: ornithology (the study of birds), primatology (the study of primates), ichthyology (the study of fish), and entomology (the study of insects), to name a few. As a whole, zoology encompasses a fascinating and important body of knowledge that enables us to better understand animals, wildlife, our environment, and ourselves.
How do we study animals? Zoology, like all areas of science, is shaped by the scientific method. The scientific method--a series of steps that scientists take in order to acquire, test, and characterize the natural world--is the process by which zoologists study animals.
How do we name and classify animals? Taxonomy, the study of the classification and nomenclature of living things, enables us to assign names to animals and to group them into meaningful categories. Living things are classified into a hierarchy of groups, the highest level being the kingdom, followed by the phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. There are five kingdoms of living things: plants, animals, fungi, monera, and protista. Zoology, the study of animals, focuses on those organisms in the animal kingdom.
How do we organize our knowledge of animals? Zoological information can be organized into a hierarchy of topics that focus on different levels of organization: the molecular or cellular level, the individual organism level, the population level, the species level, the community level, the ecosystem level, and so forth. Each level aims to describe animal life from a different perspective.
Answer the questions: (1) How do we study animals? (2) How do we name and classify animals? (3) How do we organize the knowledge we acquire about animals?
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I am a student of the faculty of Biology, Geography and Ecology. Our faculty is one of the largest in the University. We study different subjects: Biology, Geography, Ecology, Psychology, Sociology, Physiology, Mathematics and many others. Besides these subjects we study Ukrainian, Philosophy and English. We study English to be able to read scientific books on biology, geography or ecology.
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There are many departments in our faculty: of biology, geography, ecology. Besides them there are research laboratories and museums. Every student has an opportunity to work in modern, well-equipped laboratories, where different problems of biology, geography or ecology are under investigation.
Students are acquainted with all branches of biology, geography or ecology. They are lectured in various subjects of this science. During the first two years we attend lectures on mathematics, political subjects and foreign languages. In the third year more narrow specialization begins. We have several specialized courses and additional practical and research work in the subject they have chosen as their future specialty. Besides attending lectures we may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to our bents. All of us know that biology, geography and ecology are the sciences of glorious past and great future. We do our best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.
Graduates of our institute are assigned to work at laboratories, schools, research institutes. Those who have a bent for research work may apply for a post-graduate course of study.
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go to university
totally -
to live alone
to have to do something
to cook -
to wash -
to clean -
complete freedom
to be much more interesting
studying -
to wander along to a lecture
do the reading -
do the assignments
social life
party -
right balance
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Ex. 1. Read and write the following cardinal numerals.
a) 3, 10, 15, 20, 34, 87, 2, 18, 58, 67, 94, 17, 11, 31.
b) 22, 24, 33, 41, 58, 60, 77, 81, 99.
c) 100, 151, 234, 347, 444, 591, 638, 761, 893, 913.
d) 1.231, 2.815, 3.211, 5.443, 7.018, 4.405.
e) 23.001, 37.000, 85.018, 10.531, 34.001.
f) 134.568, 213.341, 318.012, 405. 000.
Ex. 2. Form, read and write ordinal numerals from the following.
a) 1,3,10,8,12,14,5,9,7,13.
b) 30,21,84,48,52,63,85,99.
c) 123,100,244,315,418,610,713.
Ex. 3. Read and write the following dates.
8/XII, 13/11, 7/I, 25/IV, 10/III, 1/VII, 3/V, 6/VI, 9/IX.
Ex. 5. The nine interesting facts below (AI) include fourteen numbers. Write these numbers in figures, and then add them all together. The total will give you the number which is missing from the other interesting fact (J).
A. In the USA, twenty percent of the beer drinkers drink eighty percent of the beer.
B. An ant can move ten times its own weight.
C.A newly-born crocodile is about three times as long as its egg.
D. A flea can jump two hundred times the length of its own body.
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E. Four out of five five-year-old children are afraid of dogs.
F. The average fifty-year-old man has seven hours' sleep each night.
G. It is nine times lighter during a full than during a half moon.
H. The Earth is about twenty-seven miles thicker at the equator than at the poles.__________________________
I. If you ask fifty people to name any colour, about thirty of them will say "red".
J. A woodpecker can peck times per minute.
4. : Anatomy. White Cells and Infection.
The Times
20.12.2012.
White Cells and Infection
By James Rodgers
The other type of blood cells is white cells. White blood cellsare cells in the blood that remove dead cells and microbes. White cells look very different from red cells and have different jobs. A study of white cells shows the following facts.
1. They have nuclei.
2. They are larger than red cells.
3. There are several different kinds of white cells.
White cells have a shorter life span than red cells. White cells may live for only ten days. Some are made in the soft centers of bones, while others are made in certain glands of the body. Unlike red cells, some white cells can move out of the blood vessels into nearby body tissues. White cells move like amoebae. They are one-celled protests that move by changing their shapes. White cells move in a similar way by constantly changing their shapes.
A healthy person will usually have about 8000 white blood cells in a small drop of blood. What would happen if there were a large number of harmful bacteria in the body? If many bacteria are present, the number of white cells can increase to about 20,000 in each drop of blood. This increase may take only a few hours.
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Ex 1. Make the plan to the text.
Ex 2. Write the annotation to the text.
- (): The title of the article (material) is
The head-line of the article (material) is
- (): The author of the given article is
The material is written by
- (, ):
The article was published in The Times, 7th June, 2005.
The source of the material is
- : The plot of the article:
The article is about
The material is devoted to
The article deals with
The author in the article raises a very serious (important, urgent) problem, concerning
- ( , ):
At first (firstly) the author gives information about
Then the narrator writes about
Finally he/she concludes that
- ֳ : The article is written (prepared) mostly for
It is going to be interesting for
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A student society or student organization is an organization, operated by students at a university,whose membership normally consists only of students. They are often affiliated with auniversity's students' union. Student societies often aim to facilitate a particular activity orpromote a belief system.Typical examples are:
Faculty society - uniting students from one university faculty.
Regional society - uniting students from the same region or hometown.
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Debating society - political debates.
Film society - often using lecture theatres to show films cheaply on campus.
Hiking club - organising trips.
International student society - introducing international students to one another.
Music society - student ensembles.
Civil Society - to encourage polite behaviour among future leaders.
Science fiction society - meeting to watch science fiction TV and films.
Taekwondo society, Karate club - meeting to learn martial arts.
Look through some events and traditions which the students organizations of Cornel University in the USA have:
Dragon Day. Each year in late March, first-year students create and parade an enormous dragon across campus.
Homecoming. Meet current students, alumni, faculty, and staff as you cheer on Cornell in the traditional homecoming football game. Recent homecoming events have included the Big Red Band, a firework and laser show, and a carnival.
New students reading projects. Before incoming undergrads set foot on campus as students, they are welcomed to Cornell with a single book. For over a decade now, we've been pulling new students and the greater Cornell community together with a celebration of a selected piece of literature. Call it an intellectual indulgence, but there are no gradesjust a fun, stimulating variety of ways to engage with the text, the professors, fellow students, and participating locals. Slope Day. The ultimate celebration of the last day of classes, Slope Day continues a century-long tradition as a year-end gathering. Live musical performances are the main feature of this Cornell community fete.
