Kherson
Kherson is the southern Ukrainian city. It is built on the right bank of the river Dnieper. If you want to go to the Black Sea it will take you 1,5 hours by car or 2 hours by bus. The climate here is dry. Winters are cold and summers are hot, and the winds often blow. In summer many people go to the river bank or to the Black Sea, and there are many fruit and vegetables: apples, cherries, strawberries, peaches, grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, etc.
Population of Kherson is nearly 360, 000 people. Today it is a large sea- and river-port. There are two bridges over the Dnieper which join Kherson and a smaller town Tsurupinsk. There are wonderful views of the river and the countryside. There is fresh air and good climate, so many tourists visit Kherson in summer. Kherson is over 200 years old. Admiral Ushakov and his soldiers built many ships here in the 18th century and fought with Turkish army. Russian army won.
10 years ago the main branches of industry here were ship-building, textile and building of agricultural machines. But there is an economic crisis in Ukraine nowadays, so many factories closed down. Nowadays the main branches of industry are ship-building and tinned food factories, but there is not enough work for all people. Those who work dont earn much. There are many good colleges and universities such as Kherson State University, the Technical University, the Shipbuilding University and the Agricultural University.
There is a good drama theatre and a puppet-show. If you like painting you can go to the Art Museum. There are good pictures of the painters of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. There are also many bars, cinemas, clubs, gyms and a swimming-pool. People sometimes call Kherson a green city because there are many parks there.
2. .
Ex. 1. Complete the following sentences.
Kherson is the Ukrainian city. It is built on the of the river Dnieper. If you want to go to the Black Sea it will... The climate here is... Winters are and summers are In summer many people go , and there are many fruit and vegetables: of Kherson is nearly 360, 000 people. Today it is a large sea-... There are two over the Dnieper which. There are wonderful views of... There is fresh and good, so many Admiral Ushakov and his soldiers and fought... Russian army... 10 years ago the main branches of industry here were... But there is an economic, so many factories Nowadays the main are , but there is not enough... Those who work dont... There are many good colleges and universities such as There is a good drama and a... If you like painting you can go to... There are good pictures of the... There are also many . People sometimes call Kherson because
3. . ( - 䳺). there is, there are.
Ex 1. Put the words in order to build sentences.
1. is park in the There centre. a. 2. the four town. in schools are There. 3. and a in park is the cinema a city. There. 4. is. Yes, there. 5. are new There neighbours. 6. is a pig. There. 7. There is no water. 8. there games Are. 9. are. there Yes,
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Ex.2. Choose either There is or There are and translate the sentences.
1. ______________ two boys in the car.
2. ___________ a book on the shelf.
3. __________ one apple on the table.
4. __________ a lot of trees in our yard.
5. _________ some grapes in the bowl.
6. _________ a dog under the table.
7. _________ carrots in the soup.
8. __________ a policeman at the door.
9. __________ policemen at the door.
10. ________ some fruit on the table.
4. : X-Rays.
In 1895 a German professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered a new kind of invisible all-penetrating rays. They could pass through clothes, skin and flesh and cast the shadow of the bones themselves on a photographic plate. It was a great discovery for that time.
It happened one day when Roentgen was working in his laboratory with a Crookes tube. If you put two electric wires in a glass tube, pump air out of it and connect the wires to opposite electric poles, a stream of electric particles would emerge out of the cathode (that is, the negative electric pole). Roentgen was interested in the fact that these cathode rays made certain chemical glow in the dark. On that day he put his Crookes tube in a box made of thin black cardboard and switched on the current to the tube. The black box was lightproof, but the professor noticed a strange glow that had come from a small screen, which was lying at the far end of the laboratory bench.
Roentgen knew that the cathode rays could make the screen glow, but they could not penetrate the box. So what are the mysterious rays that caused the glow? That is why he called them X-rays.Then Roentgen placed all sorts of opaque materials between the source of his X-rays and the screen. He found that these rays could pass through wood, thin sheets of aluminium, the skin and flesh of his own hand; but they were completely stopped by thin lead plates and partially stopped by the bones of his hand. Testing their effect on photographic plate he found that they were darkened on exposure to X-rays. Roentgen was sure that his discovery would contribute much for the benefit of science. Indeed, nowadays the X-rays are widely used in medicine and industry.
5.
to discover a new kind of ,
invisible all-penetrating rays
to pass through clothes, skin and flesh , ()
to cast the shadow of smth. -
on a photographic plate
an electric wire
to connect the wires
to opposite electric poles
a stream of electric particles
to make certain chemical glow
7. .
Ex.1 Answer the questions:
- When did Roentgen discover the X-rays?
- What experiment was Roentgen making when he discovered a new type of rays?
- How did he discover the rays?
- What qualities do the X-rays possess?
- In what areas are the X-rays used in present?
Ex. 2 Translate into English:
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1. 1895 , .
2. .
3. , ; -.
4. , - , .., .
5. .
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1. .. . : . . , ., . : -̻, 2007. 384.
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1. . ( ). . .
My Hobby
Though biological subjects are my favourite subjects, I take great interest in English, because it helps greatly to master basic biological subjects. There is a great deal of literature in English which deals with the very field of biology. Moreover, those biology students, who have a good command of English, are recommended to take special courses in the USA, Great Britain or Canada.
Mastering English has been my hobby since the childhood. Every year, being on holidays I used to read English books (adapted, later in the original). Thanks to my parents I had a rich collection of video cassettes and audio cassettes at my disposal; they helped me a good deal to improve my pronunciation, to enrich my vocabulary and to be good at English grammar. To tell the truth, I am not extremely pleased with my level of English. I understand perfectly well that learning English at the University, especially legal English is a good chance (opportunity) for me to improve my language skills, first of all those of spoken English which are in constant need of brushing up.
Kherson State University
Kherson State University is the biggest institution of higher education in Kherson, of the IVth accreditation level. Our educational establishment is one of the oldest in the Southern Ukraine.
It prepares qualified specialists in many specialties, professionals in their work. These are teachers of all subjects which are taught at school, teachers for preschool child, engineer teachers, biologists, speech therapists, chemists, historians, lawyers, economists, environmentalists, psychologists, social workers, journalists, translators and others. Such task is accomplished by our tight-knit teaching stuff comprising professors, doctors of sciences; associate professors, candidates of sciences; senior teachers, assistants.
The chairs provide training of students and supervise their scientific activities. Altogether there are about 8 thousand of full-time, part-time and external students studying at the University, almost 1400 of them annually graduate as diploma professionals with bachelor's, specialist's or master's degree.
Besides the 5 educational buildings the University has a sporting health-improving camp "Burevestnik" on the Black Sea coast, training center on the river Dnieper, botanic garden- agro biological station in the city of Kherson.
Many students from other cities and towns live in University dormitories. University library with 5 reading-rooms, containing 400000 units of book storage, works all days of week.
One of the principal directions in the University work is preparation and realization of international projects in the field of science and education. Today higher education in the whole world is characterized by mutual integration and internationalization of educational process. Integration objectives are brought to the forefront in Bologna Declaration. For this reason the development of international relations belongs to primary aims of Kherson State University. Cooperation with the foreign partners is realized on substantive directions by means of different organizational forms - from students and stuff exchanges, to participation in international conferences, seminars, "round tables" for realization of joint complex educational projects.
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2. .
Ex. 1. Consult a dictionary, transcribe and translate the following words; practice their pronunciation:
the biggest institution of higher education; participation; educational establishment; "round tables"; anniversary; substantive directions; specialty; environmentalists, psychologists and social workers; full-time, part-time and external students; a sporting health-improving camp; dormitory; contain; mutual integration and internationalization; belongs to primary aims.
3. : . . .
4. .
Ex.1 Give the plural form of the noun:
Man, colloquium, knife, lake, goose, swine, fish, nucleus, bus, trousers, crisis, information, wife, dish, advice, linen, deer, half, stairs, fly, courage, medium, mouse, sea, foot, calf, phenomenon, peace, scissors, analysis, woman, shelf.
Ex. 2 Consult a dictionary, transcribe and translate the following words; practice their pronunciation.
Colloquia, phenomena, crises, radii, bases, data, analyses, media, criteria, nuclei, formulas, goods, clothes, wages, contents, brothers-in law, new-comers.
Ex. 3 Use the right form of the noun.
1. A lot of... take part in the Olympic Games every four years. Our declared its independence in 1991. (country, countries). 2. Every students have lectures and seminars. It took them several... to finish the experiment. (day, days) 3. Kyiv is one of the oldest... in Europe. The city of Shanghai has 20 million of population (city, cities). 4. Small like to laugh and play. Tom's... has a new toy. (baby, babies)
Ex. 4 Make the sentences plural.
1. He is a teacher. 2.She is a pretty girl of sixteen. 3. A student is not a sportsman. 4. There is a man behind you. 5. The glass is full. 6. Here is a book and a notebook. 7. A wolf is an animal. 8. A foot is a part of mans body. 9. The leaf is green. 10. Johns wife is busy now. 11. The shop is open today. 12. The book is on the shelf. 13. The child is young. 14. The knife is sharp. 15. The party is good. 16. The box is open.
Ex. 5 Translate into Russian. Name the nouns which have no plural form.
1. My mother always gives me good advice. 2. This money belongs to my brother. 3. His hair is dark. 4. No news is good news. 5. The dean was happy to see our progress. 6. Mathematics is an interesting science. 7. Fruit is useful for our health. 8. There are apples, plums, pears and other fruit in the box. 9. Sugar is produced in Cuba. 10. Butter is fresh. 11. Milk is useful. 12. Her knowledge is poor.
Ex. 6 Write out the nouns which are used in English only in the plural.
1. My spectacles are broken. 2. These scissors are very sharp. 3. Your trousers are too short. 4. The arms were cleaned. 5. The stairs are clean. 6. His clothes are new. 7. These goods are excellent.
Ex. 7 Use the possessive case in the following sentences:
1. The room of my friend. 2. The questions of my son. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The table of our teacher. 5. The poems of Shevchenko. 6. The voice of this girl. 7. The new club of the workers. 8. The letter of Pete. 9. The car of my parents. 10 The life of this woman. 11. The handbags of these women. 12. The flat of my sister is large. 13. The children of my brother are at home. 14. The room of the boys is large. 15. The name of this girl is Jane. 16. The work of these students is interesting.
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Ex.8 Translate from Ukrainian into English:
, , , , , , , , , , , , .
5. : A Strange Substance Salt.
If you reached for the salt shaker to add a little flavor to your food, you probably never gave a thought to salt's many uses. Though it is one of the most common substances on earth, salt is one of the strangest in God's creation. It is composed of two poisonous elements: chlorine and sodium. Yet, the chemical combination, sodium chloride, is necessary for life both on earth and in the sea.
When our bodies perspire through exercise or from the heat of the day, the result is an imbalance of water in our system. Our body's salt mysteriously regulates our thirst so that we will want to drink more water to achieve the proper balance. Salt is also a preservative. The salt in the ocean slows down decay to give the scavengers of the sea plenty of time to do their work.
Salt is necessary for the digestion of food. The sodium breaks down the proteins, and the chlorine forms the hydrochloric acid in the stomach's digestive fluids. The sodium contained in salt is necessary for muscle contraction, including the rhythmic beating of the heart. The sodium also triggers nerve impulses in transmitting feeling.
Yet, as in most situations, there can be too much of a good thing. People with medical problems must be careful of their salt intake, for most Americans eat too much salt. Even small amounts can raise their blood pressure.
6. .
Ex. 1 Answer the questions:
1) What is salt? 2) What is it composed of? 3) What can be the reason of an imbalance of water in our system? 4) How does the bodys salt regulate our thirst? 5) Why is salt necessary for the digestion of food? 6) What is the importance of the sodium? 7) Why salt can be a medical problem? Can you think of any other chemical that has so many varied uses?
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3. . . : : . . . . 㳿, , , . : , 2005. 414.
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1. . .
Positive
| Word | Explanatory note | ||||
| active, energetic, lively | doing a lot of things; always busy - full of life and energy - ; | ||||
| dynamic | full of energy and ideas; a powerful personality - ; | ||||
| sociable, outgoing | friendly; enjoying the company of other people - ; | ||||
| talkative | liking or willing to talk - | ||||
| decisive | able to make decisions quickly - | ||||
| an extrovert | sociable person who finds it easy to talk to people and likes to attract attention - ; , | ||||
| careful | taking care to avoid mistakes, danger - | ||||
| cautious | very careful; not wanting to act quickly - ; | ||||
| efficient | working well and quickly - ; | ||||
| competent | able to do a job well - ; | ||||
| honest, reliable | able to be trusted - | ||||
| trustworthy | able to be trusted - ; , | ||||
| sincere, genuine | believing or meaning what you say - | ||||
| frank, direct | honest and open in expressing one's real thoughts - ; | ||||
| blunt | speaking directly, without trying to be polite - | ||||
| considerate | kind; thoughtful - ; | ||||
| sympathetic (to) | kind and understanding the feelings and problems of other people - | ||||
| generous (to) | happy to give money, help - | ||||
| polite (to) | having good manners and consideration for other people - | ||||
| well-mannered | polite - ; | ||||
| pleasant | friendly and polite - | ||||
| civil | polite, without being friendly - | ||||
| diplomatic, tactful | showing skill in dealing with people - ; | ||||
| modest | not wanting to be admired - | ||||
| confident | sure of himself and his abilities - | ||||
| tolerant | able to accept or allow the opinions of other people even if one doesn't agree - | ||||
| patient | able to wait for smth. without becoming annoyed | ||||
| easygoing | not easily worried or annoyed and thus tolerant ; - | ||||
| open-minded | willing to listen to new ideas - ; Ⳮ | ||||
| Negative | |||||
| Word | Explanatory note | ||||
| lazy | disliking activity - ; | ||||
| A pathetic | having no desire to change a bad situation - | ||||
| quiet | not saying very much - | ||||
| reserved | not saying what he thinks or feels - ; | ||||
| sloppy, careless | doing work in a careless way - ; | ||||
| inefficient | not efficient - ; | ||||
| incompetent | not competent - ; | ||||
| rash | impulsive; doing foolish or dangerous things - ; | ||||
| dishonest | not honest - | ||||
| untrustworthy, unreliable | not trustworthy - | ||||
| insincere | not sincere - (); | ||||
| cunning | clever in using people and situations in order to get what he wants - | ||||
| inconsiderate | thoughtless - ; | ||||
| selfish | caring only about himself- | ||||
| mean, greedy | not generous - ; | ||||
| rude (to) | not polite (often intentionally) - | ||||
| bad/ill-mannered | having bad manners; impolite - | ||||
| tactless | without tact - | ||||
| shy | not confident; nervous in the company - ' | ||||
| self-conscious | feeling that everybody is looking at you - | ||||
| arrogant | behaving as if you are better than everyone else - ; | ||||
| vain, smug | full of love for one's own appearance - | ||||
| pushy | always demanding things from other people and trying to get them - | ||||
| stubborn, pig-headed | refusing to move, change one's mind - | ||||
2. . (10-15), .
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to be like somebody
to have a great sense of humour
generous -
to be afraid -
admire -
warm-heart
younger -
giving personality
to crack up -
to be similar
coincidentally
to have a lot in common
to get along very well
to remind
traits
to be outspoken
a good quality
to lead to conflict
2. : . . .
3. .
Ex. 1. Fill in the articles where its necessary:
1. This is girl. girl is pretty. What pretty girl! 2. These are exercise-books. 3. We live in Europe. 4. I want to go to British Museum. 5. Smiths go to Paris twice month. 6. There is book on the desk. 7. sun is shining brightly in blue sky. 8. My uncle and his aunt are doctors.9. What colour is your new hat? Its.. red. 10. He has no coffee in his cup.
Ex. 2. Fill in the articles where its necessary.
1. Thames is short river. 2. Ukraine is washed by Black Sea in south. 3. Kiev is to south of Moscow.4. Europe is continent. 5. Kiev is capital of Ukraine. 6. Is... Asia island or continent? 7. best way to know and understand people of other countries is to meet them in their own homes. 8. There are three rooms in flat. living room is largest of all. 9. Lets go to shop. I must buy bread and milk.
4. : Plastics.
Many of us cannot imagine our life at present without plastics. But we cannot realize what a great part they play in raising our standard of living.
You cannot go through a single day without some association with plastics. Your toothbrush, the cap of your toothpaste tube, your comb, the handle of your table knife, your pen, the door knob These are but few examples. Plastics are everywhere. No other material can be used as limitlessly as plastics. Very few materials are as durable and simple in production as plastics.
Plastics have become the raw material only since 1928. But during that short period of time furniture, footwear, building materials, textiles, etc. has been manufactured from plastics. Almost all plastics are produced from coal, air and water. But each material possesses different properties. Knowing the structure of plastics you can, for instance, produce from polyvinyl chloride a hard sheet of a soft film. Nylon is a non-conductor of electricity and that is very important in electrical industry.
Unlike metals, plastics require no finishing.
5. .
Ex.1
to play a great part in smth. -
raising ones standard of living -
to be used limitlessly
to be durable
to be simple in production
to become the raw material
building materials
textiles ,
to be manufactured from smth. -
to be produced from smth. -
to possess different properties
a non-conductor of electricity
to require no finishing
Ex. 2 Answer the questions:
- What part do plastics play in raising our standard of living?
- What are the properties of plastics?
- What is manufactured from plastics?
- What are the properties of different kinds of plastics?
Ex. 3. Translate into English :
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1. .. . : . . , ., . : -̻, 2007. 384.
2. .. , .. , .. , .. . . . / . . .. ϳ. .: , 2000. 368.
3. . . : : . . . . 㳿, , , . : , 2005. 414.
ϳ :
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( 1)
Ex. 1. Give the plural of the following nouns if they have it.
Mouse, house, potato, knife, foot, man, furniture, sheep, news, country.
Ex. 2. Write these in the possessive form.
The son of the king, the dresses of the girls, the watch of my brother, the rooms of the men, the car of John.
Ex. 3. Choose the word (a, b) that best completes the sentence. Write the number of the sentence and the letter of the answer, e. g. 1b, 2a, 3a.
a. have b. Has
1. We a good flat. 2. My neighbour a car. 3. She eight English books. 4. I many brothers and sisters. 5. You a new cassette-recorder. 6. The children many toys.
Ex. 4. Make the following sentences negative.
1. She writes a letter every day. 2. I climb big mountains. 3. They make very good tea. 4. The writers do their work well. 5. Please, close the door.
Ex. 5. Form questions using the question-words in brackets.
1. The Scots live in that white house (Who) 2. Mary does her work quickly (how) 3. We want to catch the six-oclock train (What train) 4. Mother wakes you up at seven oclock in the morning (When) 5. Birds fly to the South in winter (When)
( 2)
Ex. 1. Give the plural of the following nouns if they have it.
atom, set, work, climate, trade, name, play, year, idea, ray, leaf, shelf, knife, wife, city, factory, woman, foot, mouse, ox, sheep, man, nature, teacher, ray, doctor.
Ex. 2. Copy the following sentences using the nouns in brackets in the plural or singular.
1. Ann's father told some funny.... The funniest... was about a giant clown (story, stories). 2. Many... live in apartments. Tom's... lives on the fourth floor (family /families). 3. Do you know the name of your...? The travellers will see many... (country,countries). 4. Ben's dog has five brown.... One little... has a flat nose. (puppy, puppies). 5. Small... laugh and play. Jacks... has a new toy (baby, babies).
Ex. 3. Write these in the possessive form.
a meeting of students, the flat of my mother-in-law, the rays of the sun, a distance of two miles, the joys of life, the house of his parents, the theatres of Moscow, the children of my sister Mary, the rights of the women, the name of my friend.
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PERSONAL FORM
First name ___________________________________________
Last name ___________________________________________
Date of birth _________________________________________
Address ____
Phone number _________________________________
Marital status ______________________________________
Enlist the members of your family: their names, age, job, contact information.
___________________________________________
Secondary education ___________________________________________________________ ___________
Place of study _________________________________________________________________
Faculty, specialty _______________________________________________________________ ___________
Expected time of graduation ___________________________________________________
Expected degree ___________________________________
Social activities ________________________________________________________________ ___________ Special skills __________________________________________________________________ ___________
Personal qualities ______________________________________________________________ ___________
Interests ____ ___________
PERSONAL FORM
First name _______ Irina____________________________________
Last name _______ Petrenko________________________________
Date of birth _____ September 15, 1992 ____________________
Address ___ Kherson region, Gola Prystan, Lenina st., 32, apt. 4 ______
Phone number _______ 8-050-776-32-19 _________________
Marital status ______ single ______
Enlist the members of your family: their names, age, job, contact information.
Father Petrenko Ivan, 43 y.o., mechanic, _______________________
tel. number 8-097-987-09-67 ___________________________________
Mother Petrenko Maria, 41 y.o., teacher, ____________________________
tel. number 8-099-365-00-12 ___________________________________
Sister Petrenko Anna, 14 y.o., schoolgirl. ______________________________
Secondary education comprehensive school #7 of Gola Pristan, 1998-2009
Current place of study ______ Kherson State University ________________
Faculty, specialty _________ Faculty of Arts ________________
Expected year of graduation __________ July 2012 _______________
Expected degree _________ Bachelor _________
Social activities monitor of the academic group, participation in university festivals (decorating the scene) ______________________________
Special skills sewing, all kinds of embroidering, languages: English (basic), German (basic) _________________________________________________
Personal qualities open-minded, responsible, easy-going, serious, hardworking _______________________________________________________________
Interests computer design, drawing, interior decoration ____________
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