2.9
2010
2.9
, .
1880. , . . , , (. 2.9.1), (, A C), , , , , (). d
, I = j S = j b d
(2.9.1)
R x- ;
b .
.
. . . .2.9.2 . - - , , (n , q = 1,610-19 ) . . , . . , (. 2.9.2).
, q , . , ..
(2.9.2)
, . , , . 2.9.2 . A , , . , ,
(2.9.3)
. R x . , . , , . . , :
|
|
(2.9.4)
. u o , , , ..
(2.9.5)
, j = n q u, ,
(2.9.6)
- .
. , , , .
.
. 2.9.3.
() 1 2 , .
(), .
, , R1 (mA).
R2, I (m).
(2.9.7)
m - ; k - , .
(2.9.8)
I - , (), R - .
, . UR. R3 , . , . , , , , 1 . .
|
|
, UR , , .
, , I , :
(2.9.9)
I I I
(2.9.10)
- .
m, k, d I I (m0 = 1,26×10-6 /).
1. ex = f (B) , I = const.
2. . 2.9.1.
2.9.1.
I , | , | I = 4 | ||||
I 1, | I 2, | I , | ex, | |||
3. e = f () I = const.
4. , e = f (I ), B = const (I = const).
5. . 2.9.2.
2.9.2.
I , | I = 200 | ||||
I 1, | I 2, | I , | ex, | ||
1. | |||||
2. | |||||
3. | |||||
4. | |||||
5. |
6. , e = f (I ) = const.
7. (2.9.10) (2.9.4).
8*. , . 2.9.3. ?
2.9.3
R x, 3 -1 | n, -3 | s, -1 -1 | u 0, 2 -1 -1 | |
Si Ge InSb InAs Bi | -102 -10-1 -510-4 -10-2 -510-8 | 1022 1020 1022 1021 1026 | 1,610-3 2,7 1,4104 4,0102 8,6105 | 0,16 0,30 7,00 4,00 0,42 |
1. , q.
2. ?
3. ? .
4. . .
5. ?
6. , , ?
1. .. . .: . 1983. . 226-228.
2. .. . .: . 1977. .3. . 438-443.
|
|
.
, < u > 108 <v>. . .. .
2.9
1. "I" "".
2. . "" "."
3. "I" ( "I").
4. "I", ( "I").
5. ". 0" "I", . "I" .
:
, (1) , (2) , (3) . (4)
:
, m0 = 4p × 107 /, m = 500, k= 2,46 ×103 1, R = 4,4 ,
d = 4,0 ×104 , s = 2,7 11, q = 1,6 ×10-19 .
:
E x , , "I" ( " I ": " . " " . "),
: .
1. E x B I, .
I = 4 . I, 8-10 I ( D I 1-2 .). , (1) (2), B E x. 1:
I, | , | I = 4 | ||||
I1, () | I2, () | < I> | E x, | |||
E x =E x () I = const.
2. E x I, , B (I = const).
I = 200 . I, 8-10 I. 2:
I, | I = 200 | ||||
I1, (.) | I2, (.) | < I> | E x, | ||
E x =E x (I ) = const.
.
3. (3) (4) . , 3:
R x, 3 -1 | n, -3 | s, -1 -1 | u 0, 2 -1 -1 | |
Si Ge InSb InAs Bi GaAs | 102 101 5104 102 5108 8103 | 1022 1020 1022 1021 1026 1021 | 1,610-3 2,7 1,4104 4,0102 8,6105 1,0102 | 0,16 0,30 7,00 4,00 0,42 0,85 |
?
|
|
. .
1. "I " | 284 | 0 5 | 200 /. | 2,0 |
2. "I " | 284 | 0 250 | 10 /. | 2,0 |
3. "I " | 117/1 | 50 | 1 /. | 0,5 |