(1922-1982) , (Travers, 1992; Tseelon, 1992); , , XX . 1953 ., ( ) . , . , , , . , , , . 1952 . , .
, (Manning, 1992). 1950- 1970- . , . , .
, , 1959 . , , , . , , . , .
, . , . , , , . , , , , . , , .
[91]
-- . , . , - , , (Manning, 1991, 1992).
(R. Collins, 1986b; Ditton, 1980). . -, , , , , - . -, , . : [] ... (1981, . 6). -, . , , . . , ( Lyman and Scott [1970]).
, , , (Meyrowitz, 1995; Shirazi-Mahajan, 1995; Sijuwade, 1995).