, , , , . , Q, , (j1 j2) :
(94.1)
, S , d +Q Q. , . (86.1) (94.1). , (86.1),
(94.2)
e . (94.1), Q=sS, (94.2) :
(94.3)
, r 1 r 2 (r 2 > r 1), , , - . (86.3) t =Q/l (l ).
(94.4)
(94.4) (94.1), :
(94.5)
, , , (86.2) , r 1 r 2 (r 2 > r 1) .
(94.6)
(94.6) (94.1),
d=r 2 r1<< r 1, r 2 r 1 r C= 4pe0e r 2 /d. 4p r 2 , (94.3). , . : (94.5) ln (r 2/ r 1) , . (94.3).
(94.3), (94.5) (94.7) , , . .
, . , .
|
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, .
1. (. 144). jA jB. 1, 2 ,..., n, , (94.1),
. . .
2. (. 145). ,
D ji = Q / i. ,
. . , . , . , .
95. , .
1. . (. 83); , . Q 1 Q 2, r . (. (84.2) (84.5)):
j 12 j 21 , Q 2 Q 1 Q 1 Q 2. (84.5),
W 1 = W 2 = W
Q 3, Q 4 ,..., , n
(95.1)
ji , , Qi, , i -.
2. . , , Q, , j. d Q. d Q , ,
j,
(95.2)
, , :
(95.3)
(95.3) , , . j, (95.1)
- .
3. . , , (95.3)
(95.4)
Q , , Dj .
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(95.4), () , . , , , d x. d A=F d x F d x = d W,
(95.5)
(95.4) (94.3),
(95.6)
(. (95.5) (95.6)), :
, F .
4. . (95.4), , (C=e 0 eS/d) (D j = Ed.
(95.7)
V= Sd . (95.7) , , , .
( )
(95.8)
(95.8) , (88.2): = {e 0 .
(95.4) (95.7) . , , ? . , . . . . , , , , . , .
11.1. , , 0,8 /3. , ? e=2. [1,6 /3]
11.2. s = 1,5 /2 . a=45. , r= 10 . [1,88 ×]
11.3. r =10 t =10 /. , . =20 . [1 /]
11.4. R= 10 r =5 /3. : 1) r 1 = 2 ; 2) r 2=12 . (r). [1) 3,77 /; 2) 13,1 /]
11.5. t = 1 /. , r 1=2,5 r 2=1,5 ? [18 /]
11.6. R= 4 , s = 1 /2. , r 1 = 6 r 2=10 . [1,2 ]
11.7. , Q =1 r 1 =10 r 2 = 5 , , 0,1 . [8 /]
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11.8. (e = 2). d =8,85 . , 0,05 /2? [500 ]
11.9. r =10 /3 R = 5 e=6. r 1 = 2 r 2 = 10 . [ E 1=1,25 /; E 2=23,5 /]
11.10. (e = 7). d=5 , U =500 . , S = 50 2. [6,64 ]
11.11. =10 U= 1 . . : 1) ; 2) . [1) 2 ; 2) 5 ]
11.12. U =200 . S =100 2, d =1 , (e = 2). . [3,54 ]
12
96. ,
, , , . () . : , (. 146, ), . . , . (. 146, ), .
, , , , , , - , . .
I , , :
, .
Q , t . ().
, , , , :
á v ñ . n ( ), dt S dQ=ne á v ñ S d t.
|
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(96.1)
, , . . j . (/2).
S j, . .
(96.2)
d S = n d S (n d S, j a).
97. .
, ( ) . . , . . , , .
. , ; . . , , , , . , .
. , , , (...), :
(97.1)
, , , . , : , : ..., . . . ..., , (. (84.9) (97.1)).
F , Q 0,
. Q 0
(97.2)
(97.2) Q 0, . . ., :
. . ..., , . ..., 1 2,
(97.3)
Q 0 F e= Q 0 E. , , Q 0,
, Q 0 1 2,
(97.3) (84.8),
(97.4)
(. 83),
U 1 2 , , () . , (97.4),
: , ..., . . .
98. .
. (1787;1854) , I, (. . , ), U :
(98.1)
R . (98.1) ( ): . (98.1) (): 1 , 1 1 .
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. (): 1 1 .
, , . R l S:
(98.2)
r , . × (×). (1,6×108 ×) (1,7×108 ×). . , , (2,6×108 ×), .
. (98.2) (98.1),
(98.3)
, ,
. (/). , U / l = , I/S = j , (98.3)
(98.4)
, j . (98.4)
(98.5)
(98.5) , . .
, , , :
r r 0, R R 0 t 0, a , ( ) 1/273 1. ,