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, , , , , . - . - . () :

1) (NPV);

2) () ;

3) ;

4) ().

, . NPV . NPV >0 , NPV . NPV , , .

, .

(). , ( ) (. . 8):

= (-100; -150; 50; 150; 200; 200),

= (-200; -50; 50; 100; 100; 200).

 

 
 

. 8

 

, .. i = 10% :

 

NPV = 162,2; NPV = 57,7.

 

- (n ). , . . n , .

. n . :

50 + 150 + 200 x = 250, x = 0,25 .

, n = 2 + 0,25 = 2,25 .

: 50 + 100 + 100 = 250, , n = 3 .

, . . . [1]. .

1. , ;

2. m , ,

 

 

m - , nt. ( - m)/ Rm +1 Vm +1.

3.

 

nt = m + (- m)/ Rm +1 Vm +1.

 

nt . t = 2 - , i = 10 %.

: ,

= 100(1+0,1) +150 = 260.

, 2 = 169,4; 3 = 319,7 .. 2 < < 3.

, m = 2 ,

 
 

: = 200(1+0,1) +50 = 270,

3 = 203,2; 4 = 339,8 .. 3 < < 4, m = 3 :

 
 

, . , . , .

. i B, . , .. , . RS (RS < 0 - , RS > 0 - ), i B

 

(30)

 

NPV (i)=0 i B, (internal rate of return = irr) . , , , , .

, i = i B ( ).

i < i B, . i > i B , i B.

, NPV (i)=0.

(1). [2] , , (R (1), R (2),, R (n)), R (k)= R 1+ R 2++ Rk - t k, , R 0 ¹0 R (n) ¹ 0, , (30) .

, , (30).

. , f(a) f(b) , , f(a) > 0, f(b) < 0,

 

. :

Rk = (-5, 1, -3, 8, 4) tk = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4).

i B.

. . Rk = (-5, -4, -7, 1, 5), .. { Rk } . ,

f (i) = -5 + (1+ i)-1 3(1+ i)-2 + 8 (1+ i)-3 + 4(1+ i)-4 = 0

i B. f(i) 0,20 0,25 0,01, , f (0,22) > 0, f (0,23) < 0 .. i BÎ(0,22; 0,23). 0,01, :

 

 

, i B = 22.11 %.

() r :

 

Pk - tk, Rk - , S = 1,2,3, n 1; j = 1,2, n 2, n 1 , n 2 . r < 1, . , r > 1, . , r NPV.

. ( i = 10 %). :

 

 
 

. , , , . , . , , . , 20 %, r A= 1,105, r B = 0,763. , , . , , . - i B- NPV NPV - i B. , , (. [ 6 ]).

, , , .

 

 

8.1. 10 (..) t = 0, 4 .. 2 20 .. 5 . NPV, i B , i = 10%.

8.2. : R = (-80, 10, 10, 20, 40, 30, 50), t = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). PV , n ( ), i = 10%.

8.3. R = (-90, 10, 20, 30, 30, 40, 50), t = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) NPV, (i = 10%).

8.4. 1000$ 500, 1000 200$ , , . 5 % . NPV, i = 10%? : NPV = 556$.

8.5. , 500 .. 800 .. . 715 .., 1100 .. 10%. : R A = 1,3; R B = 1,25.

 

 

8.6. NPV A NPV B .

8.7. i B., i = 10%

: A: f(0,31) > 0, f(0,33) < 0, i B = 31,2 %;

: f(0,16) > 0, f(0,18) < 0, i B = 17,1 %.

: 1:   1.3; 1.5
2: 2.1; 2.4
3: 3.2; 3.4; 3.6;
4: 4.3;
5: 5.1; 5.3; 5.5; 5.8, 5.9
6: 6.1; 6.4;
7: 8: 7.3; 7.6. 8.3; 8.6; 8.7

 

 

1. .. . .: , 1995. 320.

2. .. . .: -, 1999. 247.

3. .., .. . .: - , 1994.

4. .., .. . .: , -, 1997. 176.

5. .. . .: " ", 1998. 144.

6. . . .: -, 1996. 432.

 

 

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