, . , , 55,9 / . , , , :
1/2 H2SO4(p)+ KOH(p)= 1/2 K2SO4() + 2(),
1(p)+ NaOH(p) = Na1(p) + 2(),
- : H+(p) + -(p) = 2()
∆ 298 = -55,9 .
, 1 1 -. .
, . : 1 H+ - .
∆ = -55,9 + ∆ (4)
∆ - (/); ∆ . - (/). , . , .
, , 25 NaOH . 10-15 t . 25 l N, , t .
∆ = V ρ c ∆ t, , (5)
V - (V l + V NaOH),();
ρ- ( 1/);
- (); = 4,184 /∙;
∆ t - .
. .
1
∆ 298 / | ∆ G 298 / | S 298, /∙ | ||
Ag | 42,58 | |||
Ag2O | -31,15 | -11,26 | 121,04 | |
Al | 28,36 | |||
Al2 3 | -1676,8 | -1583,3 | 50,95 | |
As | 35,63 | |||
As2 3 | -619,2 | -538,0 | 107,1 | |
As2 5 | -914,6 | -772,4 | 105,4 | |
Br2 | 152,31 | |||
Br2 | 30,92 | -3,13 | 245,35 | |
Bi | 56,9 | |||
Bi2 3 | -578,2 | -497,7 | 151,0 | |
() | 5,74 | |||
() | 1,89 | 2,83 | 2,38 | |
H4 | -74,86 | -50,85 | 186,44 | |
2H2 | 226,17 | 208,61 | 200,97 | |
2H4 | 52,5 | 68,38 | 219,43 | |
2H6 | -54,78 | -33,00 | 229,65 | |
3H8 | -103,92 | -23,49 | 270,09 | |
4H6 | 110,24 | 150,77 | 278,92 | |
∆ 298 / | ∆ G 298 / | S 298, /∙ | ||
- 4H10 | -126,23 | -17,17 | 310,33 | |
H - 5H12 | -146,54 | -8,37 | 349,18 | |
6H6 | 82,98 | 129,75 | 269,38 | |
6H12 | -123,22 | 31,78 | 298,44 | |
6H14 | -167,30 | -0,25 | 388,66 | |
H3OH | -239,61 | -167,20 | 126.69 | |
C2H5OH | -234,5 | -168,18 | 282,60 | |
CO 12 | -220,27 | -206,88 | 283,91 | |
CO | -110,60 | -137,23 | 197,67 | |
CO2 | -393,77 | -394,64 | 213,82 | |
CS2 | 116,14 | 65,96 | 237,94 | |
41,45 | ||||
12 | -796,30 | -1011.50 | 104,70 | |
-635,51 | -604.45 | 39,77 | ||
2 | -59,90 | -64,90 | 70,00 | |
u | 33,20 | |||
u | -162,10 | -129,50 | 42,73 | |
u2 | -173,30 | -150,60 | 92,99 | |
12 | 223,17 | |||
F2 | 202,85 | |||
∆ 298 / | ∆ G 298 / | S 298, /∙ | ||
Fe | 27,15 | |||
FeO | -265,00 | -244,46 | 60,79 | |
Fe2O3 | -822,70 | -740,83 | 87,50 | |
Fe3O4 | -1117,90 | -1014,84 | 146,29 | |
H2 | 130,60 | |||
HF | -270,90 | -272,99 | 173,79 | |
HCl | -92,36 | -95,36 | 186,91 | |
HBr | -36,30 | -53,37 | 198,79 | |
HI | 25,94 | 1,78 | 206,30 | |
HI | -55,20 | -51,50 | 111,30 | |
H2 | -286,02 | -237,40 | 70,00 | |
H2O | -291,85 | -234,08 | 39,40 | |
H2O | -241,98 | -228,75 | 188,85 | |
H2S | -20,15 | -33,83 | 193,86 | |
H2Se | 33,00 | 19,72 | 218,97 | |
H2Te | 154,39 | 138,49 | 234,30 | |
I2 | 62,24 | 19,37 | 260,58 | |
I2 | 116,23 | |||
Cd | 51,77 | |||
CdO | -260,00 | -229,30 | 54.80 | |
Mg | 32,70 | |||
MgO | -602,10 | -569,82 | 26,96 | |
N2 | 191,50 | |||
∆ 298 / | ∆ G 298 / | S 298, /∙ | ||
NO2 | 33,50 | 51,58 | 240,32 | |
NH3 | -45,80 | -16,29 | 192,79 | |
N2O4 | 9,60 | 98,01 | 340,00 | |
Na | 51,33 | |||
Ni | 29,90 | |||
NiO | -239,70 | -211,60 | 37,90 | |
O2 | 205,00 | |||
142,30 | 162,70 | 238,80 | ||
P() | -18,41 | 8,37 | 22,80 | |
P() | 41,11 | |||
P2O5 | -1506,24 | -1363,98 | 135,98 | |
P2O5 | -2093,0 | -1943,0 | 157,0 | |
13 | -279,70 | -260,63 | 311,92 | |
15 | -367,20 | -297,34 | 364,70 | |
3 | 5,44 | 13,39 | 210,10 | |
Rb | 76,20 | |||
Rb2O | -330,11 | -290,79 | 109,62 | |
S () | 31,88 | |||
S() | 0,38 | 0,19 | 32,55 | |
SO2 | -297,10 | -300,41 | 248,24 | |
SO3 | -396,11 | -371,41 | 256,86 | |
Si | 18,84 | |||
SiO2 | -862,10 | -803,60 | 27,80 | |
Zn | 41,66 | |||
ZnO | -350,86 | -320,88 | 43,67 | |
Pb | 64,80 | |||
PbS | -100,40 | -98,80 | 91,20 |
2
|
|
|
|
∆ , / | ∆ , / | ||
NH4NO3 | 26,90 | K2SO4 | 27,14 |
Na NO3 | 21,21 | Na2SO4∙10H2O | 78,51 |
K NO3 | 36.02 | Cu SO4 | -66,54 |
Na23∙10H2O | 66,58 | CuSO4∙5 H2O | 11,70 |
NaOH | -42,28 | Ca 12 | -76,04 |
1. | 5,20,35,59,78 | 13. | 12,26,42,59,80 |
2. | 6,21,36,51.76 | 14. | 14,13,28,43,69,80 |
3. | 7,22.37.52,79 | 15. | 16,39,47,65,82 |
4. | 8,23,39.55,80 | 16. | 13,42,55,80 |
1,17,33,49,78 | 9,25,41,57,80 | ||
6. | 2,18,34,50,79 | 10,26,42,58,803 | |
7. | 3,19,35,51,80 | 11,27,43, 59, 80 | |
8. | 4,20, 36, 52,806 | 12,28,44, 60, 80 | |
9. | 5,21, 37, 53, 80 | 13, 29, 45.61, 80 | |
10. | 6, 22, 38, 54, 80 | 14,30,46, 64, 81 | |
11. | 7,23, 39, 55, 80 | 15,31,47,65,82 | |
12. | 8, 24, 40, 56, 80 | 16,32,48,66,83 |