self-efficacy-expectations ( ) (Bandura, 1977; 1986) , , ( ). , , , . .
, , . (), (Meichenbaum, 1977), (Ullrich de Muynck & Forster, 1974; Lange & Jakubowski, 1976), (Florin & Rosenstil, 1976) . . , , ( , ; . .; . Goldfried, Linehan & Smith, 1978; Biran & Wilson, 1981; Bandura, 1986).
, . (Seligman, Abramson, Semmel & von Baeyer, 1979), self-efficacy / , , ( , ) . , , , .
, (der depressive Realismus). , , , . , , (Alloy & Abramson, 1979; 1988), , , (Lewinsohn, Mischel, Chaplin & Barton, 1980); , (Janning, Klingberg & Engerding, 1993). , .