, , , . . , . , , .
, . (t1 = +15 0C) , ( ) , .
1 3 , 1 , . . 1 . .
, ; . .
, , , -, , , -, l = h/ h = 0,60- 0,70 l @ 0,80 .
, ( ).
.
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, , :
Ni = Nik Ni,T = GT Cp,m T3 (1 T3 / T1) GkCp,m T1 (T2 / T1 - 1) = = Ni,T (1 - l) = f (q, n, pk) = f1 (q, n); (1.75)
q = T3 / T1 ; pk = P2 / P1 (1.76)
q - ; n ; pk .
, . (Dq) (q0) (n = idem) :
DNi = ( Ni / q) Dq (1.77)
, (Dq) (1 3 ):
T1 = idem; q / T3 = /T3 (T3 / T1) = 1/ T1 (1.78)
T3 = idem; q /T1 = - T3 / T21 = - q /T1 (1.79)
:
q / T1 = - qq / T3 ; Ni / T1 = - q Ni /T3 (1. 80)
(1.80) , pk, hi,k, hi, (1) , (3 ).
.
, : , , . .
l = Ni, / Ni, , :
l = Ni, / Ni, T1 / T3; l0 = (Ni, / Ni, )0 T0 / T3 ; l = l0 (T1 / T0 ), (1.81)
1 - ; 0 - () (0 = 288,2 ); l0 - .
(Ne, / G) , ( ):
Ne, / Ne,,0 = G / G,0 = T0 / T1 1 - Dt1 / T0 (1.82)
Dt1 - ; 0 :
Dt1 = T1 - T0 (1.83)
(Ne) (Ne,0) :
Ne = Ne Ne = Ne (1 - l) = Ne,,0 (1 - Dt1 /T0) (1 - l0 T1/T0), (1.84)
Ne,0 = Ne,,0 Ne,,0 = Ne,,0 (1 - l0 ) (1.85)
[ 4 ]:
(1.86)
l0 0,65. , (t1 = - 35 0C; Dt1 = - 50 0C) (t1 = + 35 0C; Dt1 = + 20 0C) :
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Ne,max. / Ne,min = 1,552 / 0,811 = 1,914,
+ 15 0 ( , ) 15 0, .. :
Ne,( 15) / Ne,( +15) = 1, 318
, .
(+ 15 0 ) = 0,1 , .
, .
, .
: 1, 1, n; G, N, T3, pk, h; 3 N. [10].
:
(1.87)
:
T. . = (1.88)
:
(1.89)
:
(1.90)
:
(1.91)
:
(1.92)
1 1 - ; 0 () .
, , [6]:
N e, ... = 1 4,2 (1 T3, . ., .) T3, .., (1.93)
3,,. - ;
:
. .. = 1 0,165 (1 Ne, .) (1.94)
:
(1.95)
:
B.. = 1 0,75 (1 Ne,.). (1.96)
.
1. 93 1.94 , ( 1.95 1.96).
, 30 = idem 1, :
; (1.97)
; (1.98)
; (1.99)
. (1.100)
. 1.20 . . q = 30/10 = 3,5. 1.20 = 3,3. 1 , q = 3,2. 1 (. 1.20) , , (1 = idem) [9]:
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.
. 1. 21 : q = 4; t =2; h = h = 0,85; h0 = 0,22. , . t1 = 30-35 0C (t1,0 = +15 0C) 10%. 3-5%; t1 = -30 ¸ - 35 0 3 = idem, 20%. . , [2]:
p1,h = p1,0×e -0,127 h; T1,h = T1,0 (1 0, 0225 h), (1.101)
h , .
, , , 3 p .
1 , , p = idem . :
(1. 102)
, h :
(1.103)
z- .
, , ( 1. 101):
e,h = (1.104)
(1. 104) (. 1. 22).
. . 1.23 t1.
, 1.