to attract, to call, to carry, to establish, to incorporate, to know, to lose, to offer, to own, to provide, to represent, to take, to sell.
* In a passive construction after a modal verb we use a passive infinitive (without to)
e.g.We can make a decision.- A decision can be made ( by us).
Mind the translation: A decision can be made. - Рішення можна прийняти. A decision must be made. - Рішення треба/потрібно прийняти.
Exercise 14. Make the following sentences passive and translate them.
1. We can call him a silent partner. 2. Stock certificates must represent his share of business. 3. They must attract talented specialists. 4. We must provide additional capital. 5. She can offer this beauty shop for sale. 6. Public must know the owners of this company. 7. To win the market we must establish the corporation. 8. For better control they must diversify management. 9. To attract more capital the corporation can issue stock. 10. This talented manager can direct our company.
Exercise 15. Translate into English.
1. Незабаром можна утворити партнерство. 2. Без прибутку можна втратити зацікавленість у бізнесі. 3. Потрібно запропонувати вищу зарплату. 4. Ці акції можна купити і продати на фондовій біржі. 5. Потрібно залучити найкращих спеціалістів.
Exercise 16. Read the following sentences and compare the use of tenses. Pay attention to adverbial modifiers of time.
1. They always discuss their plans with the partners. – They are discussing their plans with the partners at the moment. 2. Students generally take 3 to 5 courses a year. – This year we are taking 5 courses. 3. They often deal with local customers. – This time they are dealing with Bukovel Co. 4. We usually do research at our practical lessons. – We are doing research on inflation indicators this semester. 5. Our shareholders have meetings once a year. – Our shareholders are having a meeting right now. 6. He never consults anybody about his business. – He is busy now. He is consulting with his lawyer.
Exercise 17. Make the following sentences passive.
1. The secretary is typing a letter to our stockholders. 2. He is signing the document. 3. We are copying the task. 4. They are writing a test paper. 5. We are installing computers in our office. 6. I am analyzing your report. 7. She is defining the problem. 8. They are working out a new plan. 9. The owner is making the order on the phone. 10. The shareholders are discussing the annual report. 11. They are distributing the report among the shareholders.
Exercise 18. Use the verb in brackets in the correct tense form: Indefinite or Continuous.
1. Don’t enter the room. The manager (to hold) a meeting with the staff. 2. What she (to be busy) with at the moment? – She (to call) our customers in Rivne. 3. Can you hear that noise in the next room? – They (to discuss) our tomorrow’s presentation. 4. Why is there so much light? – We (to prepare) for the student party. Our group (to decorate) the walls, while others (to arrange) the scene for the concert. 5. Listen. He (to sing) a very popular song. The song (to sing) in Italian. It (to sound) beautifully. 6. The book (to read) aloud so that everybody (to hear) it. 7. Where Peter (to be)? – He (to work) at the library at the moment. He (to write) a report on multinational corporations for tomorrow’s seminar. 8. Look at Jane and John. They (to dance) so perfectly that I (to think) that the prize (to be) theirs. 9. Who (to stand) in the doorway? – This (to be) Kate. She (to look) for somebody. 10. Why Peter (to be) absent? He (to take) his exam in math this morning. 11. What you (to do) tonight? – I (to be) too tired to go anywhere. 12 What time you (to leave) tomorrow? – The train (to start) at 7, so we (to leave) around 6.30.
* Sometimes we are talking about the present and the future together – present-future. This happens when a) we are making plans or are talking about things already arranged or b) there is something in the present situation that makes us sure what will happen in the future. In such cases we use the structure to be going (to do something). Study the following examples.
a) There is an interesting film on TV tonight. I am going to watch it. -Я збираюсь подивитись його /план на майбутнє/.
b) Look at those clouds – it is going to rain. – Напевно, піде дощ /впевненість, що дія відбудеться/.
Exercise 19. Use the verb in brackets in the correct form and translate the sentences.
1. He (to be) going to sign the contract tomorrow. 2. We (to be) going to meet on Tuesday. 3. She (to be) going to send this information directly to the manager. 4. If Tom doesn’t study hard he (to be) going to fail at the examinations. 5. If you don’t hurry you (to be) going to miss the meeting. 6. These goods are not very popular. We (to be) going to make losses on them. 7. As the problem is very urgent they (to be) going to discuss it with the manager. 8. To save his business he (to be) going to incorporate with this company. 9. It is very difficult to manage such business solely so she (to be) going to form a partnership. 10. Last year the company’s profit was not big and I (not to be) going to receive high dividends on my shares.
Exercise 20. Translate into English.
1. Він збирається розпочати нову справу. 2. Я збираюсь виступити на зборах акціонерів. 3. Вона отримала найвищу оцінку. Здається, вона буде найкращою в групі. 4. Майк втратив інтерес до свого бізнесу і певно він розвалиться. 5. Чи збираєтесь ви інвестувати гроші в цей бізнес? 6. Він, здається, збирається залучити цих спеціалістів до нового проекту.
