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VIII.




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4. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, . A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 1990;322:14051411.

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8. Faupel G, Reulen HJ, Muller D, . Double-blind study on the effects of steroids on severe closed head injury. In: Pappius HM, Feindel W (eds), Dynamics of Brain Edema. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1976:337343.

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12. Gobiet W, Bock WJ, Liesgang J, . Treatment of acute cerebral edema with high dose of dexamethasone. In: Beks JWF, Bosch DA, Brock M (eds), Intracranial Pressure III. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1976:231235.

13. Grumme T, Baethmann A, Kolodziejczyk D, . Treatment of patients with severe head injury by triamcinolone: a prospective, controlled multicenter clinical trial of 396 cases. Res Exp Med 1995;195:217229.

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15. Hall ED. The neuroprotective pharmacology of methylprednisolone. J Neurosurg 1992;76:1322.

16. Hall ED, Wolf DL, Braughler JM: Effects of a single large dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on experimental posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia. Dose-response and time-action analysis. J Neurosurg 1984;61:124130.

17. Hall ED, Yonkers PA, McCall JM, . Effects of the 21- aminosteroid U74006F on experimental head injury in mice. J Neurosurg 1988;68:456461.

18. Kassell NF, Haley EC. Randomized, doubleblind, vehiclecontrolled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cooperative study in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. J Neurosurg 1996; 84:221228.

19. Marshall LF, Maas AL, Marshall SB, . A multicenter trial on the efficacy of using tirilazad mesylate in cases of head injury. J Neurosurg 1998;89:519525.

20. Maxwell RE, Long DM, French LA. The effects of glucosteroids on experimental cold-induced brain edema: gross morphological alterations and vascular permeability changes. J Neurosurg 1971;34:477487.

21. Pappius HM, McCann WP. Effects of steroids on cerebral edema in cats. Arch Neurol 1969;20:207216.

22. Renaudin J, Fewer D, Wilson CB, . Dose dependency of Decadron in patients with partially excised brain tumors. J Neurosurg 1973;39:302305.

23. Roberts I, Yates D, Sandercock P, . Effect of intravenous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10,008 adults with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH trial): randomized placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:13211328.

24. Saul TG, Ducker TB, Salcman M, . Steroids in severe head injury. A prospective randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1981;54:596600.

25. Watson NF, Barber JK, Doherty MJ, . Does glucocorticoid administration prevent late seizures after head injury? Epilepsia 2004;45:690694.

26. Weiss MH, Nulsen FE. The effect of glucocorticoids on CSF in dogs. J Neurosurg 1970;32:452458.

 

(http://www.rusanesth.com/forum) . .

 

 

Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 3rd Edition (Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care), 2007





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