, , , . . , , , , , . . , , . , . , - . , . . . .
, . ., , . , , , , , , .
. ,
. .
(experimenter effects)
, - , . . - , , - ., . .
, , . (experimenter bias). , - , , , , . XIX , , , - , , .
. . , . , . , - . . ., . , - , ., .
.. . , . 1930- , , . . , , . , . , , .
.-. . . . , , , , , , .
. , , ,
. .
_
- (self-concept)
, , , -., . -., - , , . -.
XIX XX . - , -., . . . , XIX . , , - , , , . -. . . 1935 . -, . . , - . , , . -, -, , . . ; , .
, - , -. . , , , . , . .
. . . . ; , . -. .
. -. , . . -. . . . , . , -. . , , ( ) , - .
, , . , -. -. . ., , -., . . -.
1. -. (personal self-concept). , . . , -. ., , , , / , , , , - , .
2. -. (social self-concepts). , , , .
-. , , .
3. -, -. (self-ideals regarding one's personal self-concept). , .
4. -, -. (self-ideals regarding one's social self-concepts). , .
5. -. . - (evaluations of descriptive personal self-conceptions in relation to the ideals for self regarding those attributes). , 1 3.
6. -. . -. (evaluations of descriptive social self-conceptions in relation to the ideals for one's social self-concept). . ., 2 4.