.


:




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4




, , . , , . . , , , .

, . ., - , . ., , . ., , , , . , , -, , , , . ., , , (REP).

, , . . , (acting out), . , . , . (acting-out ratio, AOR), (. ., AFF, DEP ) (. ., DIR AGG), , , , . . , (. ., ).

. . , , 7- , 10 , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , . .

. . . ., . ., , . . , , .

. , , ,

.

 

(block design test)

 

, 1921 . ., 1923 . . . , - (r = 0,81) 2 7 ( 5 ). . .

, (WAIS). , - (constructive), (perceptual impressions) .

. , -,

.

 

(hidden figure test)

 

. . . . (Embedded Figures Test), . 12 . . . . . 32 (- ) . , . 10 . .

.

. .

 

(word association test)

 

. . . . . , . .

. . , .

. , ( ) . . , .

100 , - , (., , , ). ( ): ) (., , ); ) ; ) , (., , ). .

. . , , -. , - .

. . . , .

. . . . . , , . . : . . , . , .

.

. .

 

(testing and legislation)

 

1964 ., 1964 ., (Fair Employment Practices Commission) , - , . (IQ -) , - . , , , , , . , , . : [] , ... , , , , , , ( 1964 ., VII, 703h). , , 703h .

. , 50- , , . (., ) , , . (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC) (Uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures).

. (401 U-S 424, 3 FEP175, 1971). , , : -, , , ; -, , , , - . , - .

70 000 , 10% 15% .

. ,

.

 

(clerical aptitude testing)

 

. . . . 1931 . (Minnesota Vocational Test for Clerical Workers). ; . - . . . . . . - , , , . . . . . , , , , .

. ,

.

 

(aptitude testing)

 

, , () . , , , . . , , . , , . (aptitude test) , . .

, . . , . - (DAT), (910 ) , (GATB), - .

. , - , () . , (bandwidth), . , . . . , , , . , , , .

, , - , . , . . . , . , . , ., , .

. , , - , . , , , , . , .

, .

1960- ., - , . , - , (), . .

. , ,

. .

 

(test anxiety)

 

. . ., . , . . . , - , , .

. . . . . : . . . , . . ߻ , . . .

. . (, , ), . . , . . , . . , . ., . , , .

. . , . / .

.

.

 

(academic aptitude tests)

 

. . . , , . , , (capacities) , , . , , , , -, - .

, , . : , . , . , . [. . , . , , ., , 2001. . . ] (Essentials of psychological testing), , - , (., , ), (., ). , (SAT) (GRE), .

. . , , , . . ., , (., (Miller Analogies Test) ). , 0,40 0,50 . , ( -), .

IQ -. 1917 . , . . . , , -.

, , . ( ) 100, 15. , - 70 ( 2% ), , 130 ( 2% ) .

. , . , IQ -. . , .

(DAT). DAT : , , , , , , . , IQ (WISC-R) -. DAT 89 , . , .

: (GATB) , 12 9 ; (ASVAB); (Nonreading Aptitude Test, NATB); (Comprehensive Ability Battery); - (Guilford-Zimmermann Aptitude Battery); (International Primary Factors Test Battery); (MRT) ().

, , , , , , . , , (SAT), (ACT), (Law School Admissions Test, LSAT) (Medical College Admissions Test, MCAT).

. , , . . . , . . ., IQ - , .

, - , . . . , -, -, , ., .

. , , , ,

. -

 

(performance tests)

 

. . . , - . , , . , . . , .

. . (., , ) (., ). , . ., , , , . . . , ., , , ( ).

, . . , ( -) . , , , , .

. ,

.





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