, , . , , . . , , , .
, . ., - , . ., , . ., , , , . , , -, , , , . ., , , (REP).
, , . . , (acting out), . , . , . (acting-out ratio, AOR), (. ., AFF, DEP ) (. ., DIR AGG), , , , . . , (. ., ).
. . , , 7- , 10 , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , . .
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. . . ., . ., , . . , , .
. , , ,
.
(block design test)
, 1921 . ., 1923 . . . , - (r = 0,81) 2 7 ( 5 ). . .
, (WAIS). , - (constructive), (perceptual impressions) .
. , -,
.
(hidden figure test)
. . . . (Embedded Figures Test), . 12 . . . . . 32 (- ) . , . 10 . .
.
. .
(word association test)
. . . . . , . .
. . , .
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. , ( ) . . , .
100 , - , (., , , ). ( ): ) (., , ); ) ; ) , (., , ). .
. . , , -. , - .
. . . , .
. . . . . , , . . : . . , . , .
.
. .
(testing and legislation)
1964 ., 1964 ., (Fair Employment Practices Commission) , - , . (IQ -) , - . , , , , , . , , . : [] , ... , , , , , , ( 1964 ., VII, 703h). , , 703h .
. , 50- , , . (., ) , , . (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC) (Uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures).
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. (401 U-S 424, 3 FEP175, 1971). , , : -, , , ; -, , , , - . , - .
70 000 , 10% 15% .
. ,
.
(clerical aptitude testing)
. . . . 1931 . (Minnesota Vocational Test for Clerical Workers). ; . - . . . . . . - , , , . . . . . , , , , .
. ,
.
(aptitude testing)
, , () . , , , . . , , . , , . (aptitude test) , . .
, . . , . - (DAT), (910 ) , (GATB), - .
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. , - , () . , (bandwidth), . , . . . , , , . , , , .
, , - , . , . . . , . , . , ., , .
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, .
1960- ., - , . , - , (), . .
. , ,
. .
(test anxiety)
. . ., . , . . . , - , , .
. . . . . : . . . , . . , . . .
. . (, , ), . . , . . , . . , . ., . , , .
. . , . / .
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.
.
(academic aptitude tests)
. . . , , . , , (capacities) , , . , , , , -, - .
, , . : , . , . , . [. . , . , , ., , 2001. . . ] (Essentials of psychological testing), , - , (., , ), (., ). , (SAT) (GRE), .
. . , , , . . ., , (., (Miller Analogies Test) ). , 0,40 0,50 . , ( -), .
IQ -. 1917 . , . . . , , -.
, , . ( ) 100, 15. , - 70 ( 2% ), , 130 ( 2% ) .
. , . , IQ -. . , .
(DAT). DAT : , , , , , , . , IQ (WISC-R) -. DAT 89 , . , .
: (GATB) , 12 9 ; (ASVAB); (Nonreading Aptitude Test, NATB); (Comprehensive Ability Battery); - (Guilford-Zimmermann Aptitude Battery); (International Primary Factors Test Battery); (MRT) ().
, , , , , , . , , (SAT), (ACT), (Law School Admissions Test, LSAT) (Medical College Admissions Test, MCAT).
. , , . . . , . . ., IQ - , .
, - , . . . , -, -, , ., .
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(performance tests)
. . . , - . , , . , . . , .
. . (., , ) (., ). , . ., , , , . . . , ., , , ( ).
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