, , . , , (positive reinforcement). ; , (negative reinforcement). (extinction). ; (punishment). , (shaping). , - , (chaining), . . (prompting and fading). , , . , , - , . . , , , , , , , - .
(discriminative stimulus) , . , , , . , . , , , , . - - . , . , , , . . .
, , , . . , , , , , . . . (aversive conditioning). , , , . (), . (systematic desensitization). , , , . . , , .
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, (covert sensitization) . (aversion relief) , - , , . , .
. . (reintegration), - - . () , . , - . .-. , - . ., . , . , - , , . ., , , , , . . , - , , , . (thought-stopping), - , , . (overcorrection), - , : .
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, .
. , : , , ,
.
(cerebral localization)
. . , , - .
. ; . , -, : . ? (384322 . .), , , , . , (. 460370 . .) (. 429348 . .) , , .
, - - . , , , .
IVV . , , . , 1000 .
, , . , , , . . . () .
, () 1664 . Cerebri anatome ( ). , (corpus striatum), - , (), . , . , . , , . , .
. , . , . . . , .
. - , , , , . , . . 1825 ., .
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1861 ., - . . , . , .
1865 . . , , , . , 1836 . , , 40 1865 .
1870 . . . , , , , . . , , , .
. . . 1875 . . , , , - . . , . , . , . .
1870 . . - , , . , - . . , . , . . , , , .
. , , , , ,
.
(brain waves)
, , . . (), , , . . . . (18731941).
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. . . . 1 100 . 50 , 1 . . . . , , .
. . , . . . ( ), . , , , . .
. . (, ., ) . : - (812 ), - ( 13 ), - (47 ) - ( 3 ).
. . .