SUBSTANTIVAL CLUSTERS
It must be noted from the very start that the five-, six- and seven-componental asyndetic substantival clusters belong to rare or rather rare word-groups in English newspaper or scientific and technical matter texts. Nevertheless, the approach to their translating does not differ practically from that of the four-componental asyndetic substantival clusters. It usually starts with the head-noun. To render faithfully the meaning of any multi-componental asyndetic noun cluster, however, first and foremost the closer sense units within them should be identified. Thus, in a five-componental asyndetic substantival cluster its noun constituents may form the NN+NN+N, NNN+NN, AN+NN+NN, N+AN+NN+N-type, etc. sense units. For example: Covent Garden Opera House orchestra per formance has the following closer or looser sense units: NN+NN+NN where Covent Garden is a close sense unit (proper noun) and functions as a single component. Translation of this and the like asyndetic substantival clusters should be started with the head NN component: / () . Similarly translated are the substantival clusters London County Council general purpose committee ; London District Woodworker Amalga mated Society committee / ' .
When the initial N component performs the function of a relative adjective, translating of the five-componental NNNNN-type asyndetic substantival cluster may start with this N component: the London sheet metal workers section . Translating of the five-componental asyndetic substantival clusters can also be started with the second sense unit initiated by a noun, functioning as a relative adjective: the Post Office Workers London district council .
When the multi-componental asyndetic substantival cluster is of appositional nature, as it was also in some NNN(N) clusters, its translation starts either with the proper name, which is the apposition noun, or with its.antecedent noun. Translation may also start, however, with some other component functioning as a relative adjective in a sense unit which (preceds) the appositional nouns: world-mile record holder
PeterSnell. 1. ϳ , ' ; 2. ϳ ; 3. ϳ . As in other noun clucters, multicomponental asyndetic substantival clusters designating some specific English notion, which is not revealed by direct rendering of the lexical meaning of its noun components, are translated in a descriptive way: the City Cooper Square Community Development Committee () ѳ.
Translation of the six- and seven-componental asyndetic substantival clusters is realized according to the same principles and approaches as the four- and five-componental asyndetic substantival clusters. Singling out the sense units, formed by the components, usually helps find out the starting component and the correct way of translating the clusters. It must be borne in mind, however, that these multicomponental asyndetic substantival clusters may be translated by different approaches as well, each of which may faithfully render the clusters' meaning: New Zealand world mile record holder Peter Snell
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1. ϳ ;
2. ϳ , .
On rare occasions one may come across asyndetic substantival clusters consisting of seven and even more nouns. These seman-tically condensed noun word-groups are translated in accordance with the same rules, which are employed when dealing with the five- and six-componental noun clusters (by way of singling out the sense units within the clusters and finding the necessary noun or sense unit for the translation to start). In such cases the multi-componental asyndetic substantival clusters, which are not preceded by attributive adjuncts, can be translated starting with the head noun: United Post Workers London district council postmen section chairman Mr. Harry Jones , / 볿 ' .
It should be added in conclusion, that many asyndetic substantival clusters are difficult for our students to translate because they mostly do not take into account their condensed semantic nature, due to which more words are usually needed to convey their meaning in the target language. And not only multicomponental asyndetic substantival clusters. Very often two-componental asyndetic noun clusters may be semantically condensed too: AIDS drugs / , Ͳ; tax brakes / ; Rome-based Food and Agriculture Organization
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( - ). Semantically condensed may also be many three- and more componental asyndetic substantival clusters: World Health Organi zation (three words) ' (four words); government work offices . Here the number of components in all Ukrainian equivalents is larger than in their English originals.
Sometimes, though rarely, however, the meaning of asyndetic substantival clusters can also be rendered into Ukrainian by fewer words, than in English: the Turin public prosecutor ; London building workers ; the old books salesman ; the land improvement work ; the crop farmers , etc.
Our students must be repeatedly warned, however, that the use of three- and more componental asyndetic substantival clusters is mostly restricted to the newspaper and scientific or technical matter texts. In spoken English and in belles-lettres texts preference is given to prepositional word-groups, which may easily be transformed into asyndetic substantival clusters. Cf.:
Newspaper texts/styles Oral speech
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the plant shop-stewards the shop-stewards of the plant
Labour housing policy the policy of the Labour Party
in/concerning housing
the Midlands car factory trade the trade union committee of
union committee the Midlands car factory
All translators, therefore, must bear it in mind, that in the process of rendering far from all Ukrainian substantival word-groups should necessarily be transformed into English multi-componental asyndetic noun clusters. Exception must be made only when dealing with the names of various former Soviet and today's Ukrainian public bodies, offices and enterprises, institutes, universities, former collective and state farms, plants and factories, publishing houses, firms, farmer cooperatives, etc., which bore or bear honorary names like: . '/ Zan'kovets'ka Opera and Ballet House; the Kyiv Shulyavs'ka underground railway station; . Kharkiv Skovoroda Teachers Training University, () the Prolisok (Snowdrop) Collective Agricultural Enterprise, etc.
