Exercise 1. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form and translate the sentences
1. The instructions (to be recorded) in the order in which they are to be carried out. 2. Many new branches of industry (to be developed) in our country since World War D. 3. The concept of the stored program (to be worked out) by J. Neuman in 1945. 4. The constituent parts of the computer (to be called) hardware. 5. A new program (to be compiled) when I came. 6. All these calculations (to be done) by 5 o'clock yesterday. 7. The information (to be collected) by the end of the next week. 8. This examination (to be taken) tomorrow. 9. Your papers (to be typed) now. Wait a minute. 10. A new input device (to be discussed) when we came. 11. A new model of the printer (to be shown) tomorrow. 12. Microcomputers (to be applied) since the 1970s. 13. Only one branch of a program (to be selected) on each occasion. 14. "Connector" symbols (to be used) to show the exit to or the entry from another point in the same flowchart.
Exercise 2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in the table below
| ' : to give consideration to = to consider - to make allowance for = to allow for - , to make an attempt = to attempt - , to make contribution to = to contribute to - to make mention of = to mention - to make reference to = to refer to - to make use of = to use - () to place emphasis on = to emphasize - , to take advantage of = to use - , to take care of = to care - , to take note (notice) of = to pay attention to - to take steps + = , . |
1. In his book emphasis is placed on the localization problem. 2. Reference was made of his earlier publication. 3. Mention is made of an improved version of this method. 4. An important contribution was made to the study of this phenomenon. 5. Care must be taken to assure that an even number of logical inversions occur. 6. An attempt was made to redefine the previous year's budget. 7. In their discussion no account was taken of the environmental conditions. 8. Advantage is often taken of the effect of temperature on solubility. 9. In this chapter detailed consideration is given to digital computers. 10. In deriving these formulas no allowance was made for temperature increase. 11. In the following notice is chiefly taken of the former point. 12. Special attention has been called to the research work. 13. Steps are taken to diminish friction.
Exercise 3. T ranslate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the preposition BY
| by: 1) , ; 2) - 䳺 Perfect; 3) , , - b ; 4) - b 䳺 to divide '', (t multiply '', to increase ')'; 5) by , , . : The necessary amount of energy is provided by a mechanical system. By 1930 they had succeeded in building the first differential analyzer. Six divided by three is two. 㳿 - . 1930 . س, , . |
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1. You can judge (tell) a man by the company he keeps. 2. Man can not live by bread alone. 3. I have a lot of textbooks by this author. 4. Peace can not be kept by force. It can only be achieved by understanding. 5. You may know by a handful the whole sack. 6. By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death will seize the doctor too. 7. The bull must be taken by the horns. 8. Experience is achieved by industry. 9. Our solution resembles a little the solution by Brambilla.
Exercise 4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs with prepositions.
| ' 䳺 : account for - , , ; agree upon (on) - , ; arrive at - (, ); bring about - , ; deal with - , , , ; depart from - , ; do away with - , ; insist on (upon) - ; refer to - , , , ; rely on (upon) - ; send for - ; speak, talk about (of) - ; subject to - (䳿, ); think about (of) - . |
1. A number of scientific experiments in the near earth region has been referred to in that article. 2. Manual and automatic aerodynamic control during reentry will be spoken of at the next scientific conference. 3. Old traditions cannot be easily done away with. 4. As a consequence of the very high beam velocity, a large amount of waste energy must be disposed of. 5. The extremely high voltage of the transformer in the case under consideration was spoken of at the conference. 6. The method that has been introduced by that group of engineers will be dealt with in the next chapter. 7. New methods for measuring the results of the experiments are being in search of. 8. The detailed description of the speed indicator is insisted upon by the chief engineer. 9. For the first time the problem under discussion was referred to last year. 10. The changes taking place are not easily accounted for. 11. The sequence of events was brought about by the discovery of radioactivity. 12. Newtons laws of motion may be subjected to criticism. 13. Many materials now in common use were not even thought of thirty years ago.
Exercise 5. Choose the right variant.
1._______mass media can take_______active role during _______election campaigns.
a) , a, the c) the, a,
b) the, an, - d) -, -, -
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2.______Alps are in______Italy.
a) -, - c)the, -
b) the, the d) -, the
3. The home-made food always tastes______.
a) well c) very well
b) good d) quite well
4. He is a brilliant student. He works really______.
a) good c) hard
b) fastly d) hardly
5.1 am not very good______in public.
a) at speaking c) speak
b) speaking d) to speak
6. It's no use______over spilt milk.
a) to cry c) cry
b) crying d) have cried
7. By the time the police______, the jewels______.
a) arrived, had been stolen
b) arrived, had stolen
c) will arrive, have been stolen
d) arrives, were stolen
8. If you know the answer to the question______your hand-
a) rise c) rose
b) raise d) risen
The magazine comes out four times______year.
a) the )
b) one d) in
10. I'm going to retire when I______60.
a) will be c) have been
b) would be d) am
11. It began to rain just after the party______.
a) had started c) started
b) has started d) starts
12. I'm afraid we can't serve______before six o'clock.
a) beer c) some beer
b) the beer d) no beer
13.______boy will admit that he caused all the damage.
a) neither c) none
b) both d) several
14. It was difficult at first to be used______every day.
a) at working c) to work
b) to working d) in working
15. He is supposed______but I don't think he will.
a) come c) to come
b) coming d) '11 come
16. If we had had a map we______lost.
a) wouldn't get d) didn't get
b) would get d) got
17. You don't fancy______out when it is raining.
a) come c) to come
b) came d) coming
18. Finally we succeeded______finding a good flat at a reasonable price.
a) on b) in
) for d) of
19. When he came to America he______getting up earlybecause of the jet lag.
a) wasn't used to c) used
b) didn't use to d) used to
20.1 think it's time the government______something about pollution.
a) to do c) did
b) doing d) to have done
21. The party was great. We enjoyed______very much.
a) ourselves c) us
b) themselves d) them
22. That man over there,______name I don't remember, is a politician.
a) what c) which
b) that d) whose
23. This is_______difficult decision I've had to make for years.
a) most c) the more
b) more d) the most
24.______her illness, she decided to go to school.
a) in spite c) however
b) although d) despite
25. If you don't know a word, you can______in the dictionary.
a) see it up c) make it up
b) follow it up d) look it up
WRITING
Use the Web and other resources to compile a list of the software used in your current or future career field. Are there standard packages that job applicants need to know how to use? If so, what can you find out about those packages on the Web. Also, make a list of the software packages you are familiar with. Use the software classification system. As you consider your career goals for the next year, list at least five additional software packages you would like to learn. Explain why they would be helpful.
UNIT 17
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WEB DESIGN
Vocabulary Bank Unit 17
Task 1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
1. aesthetic
2. assumption
3. bland slogans
4. bloated
5. body text
6. cluster
7. cluttered
8. de-fluffed language
9. deviate
10. discourse markers
11. emphasis
12. exclude
13. facilitate
14. fixed font size
15. goal-driven navigation
16. goal-given
17. grasp
18. humble
19. in a single glance
20. intimidating
21. maze
22. navigate
23. out-of-context
24. overabundance
25. overabundance
26. page titles
27. relevance-enhanced image reduction
28. relief
29. rotate
30. salient information-carrying words
31. secondary pages
32. sensory
33. shape
34. straightforward
35. strategic positioning
36. strictly
37. subhead
38. superfluous
39. texture
40. thumbnail shot
41. to exhibit
42. tricky puzzle
43. typo
44. undifferentiated blob of content
45. unintentionally
46. unintentionally
47. unity
48. unwarranted
49. usability
50. user with disability
51. users lifeline
52. violating design
53. violating design convention
54. web-authoring
55. zooming
TEXT 17A. WEB DESIGN.
As the Internet has become to discover its true identity, one of the things that has become clear this still evolving medium is that major attraction is information. The web sites that attract the largest audiences share one thing in common: they are all in the information business.
What is design? Design the act of working out the form of something; an arrangement scheme; a decorative or artistic work; the creation of something in the mind. It is not difficult for users to understand the main elements and principles of design. The elements of design line, shape, space, texture, value and color. The principles of it movement, emphasis, balance and unity.
Many elements go into successful Web site design, we can cluster those elements into sensory, conceptual and reactive aspects. That is, design isn't only what you see, it's also what you think and feel as you navigate a Web site.
Whether your site is about entertainment or not your visitors might welcome a few moments of light relief! Perhaps some fun games to play, or a tricky puzzle or maze to solve.
Although gaining attention is an important part of any communication act, it is important to try to keep your message as simple as possible.
Use only the amount of the text and graphics as is absolutely necessary to get your point across.
Superfluous graphics can interfere with understanding.
An overabundance of fonts or colors can distract than assist learning. Remember the Web is international!
A well - designed page, whether in print or on the Web, is the thing of beauty. A skilled designer can take widely different elements like body text, heading, graphics, links and whatever, and arrange them into a harmonious whole. Good design is practical as well as aesthetic. Well -designed pages are easier to read, and lead your readers' eyes where you want them to be led. This article looks strictly at the visual aspects of page design.
A professionally done web-sites brings in greater profits, attracts more customers and help to get in touch with the right partners. All these cannot be achieved without effective web development strategies. Any web development starts with working out web design, concepts and ends with strategic positioning on the Internet, which leads your site to success.
Here's a list often additional design elements that will increase the usability of virtually all sites:
1. Place your name and logo on every page and make the logo a link to the home page.
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2. Provide search if the site has more than 100 pages.
3. Write straightforward and simple headlines and page titles that clearly explain what the page is about and that will make sense when read out-of-context in a search engine results listing.
4. Structure the page to facilitate scanning and help users ignore large chunks of the page in a single glance.
5. Use hypertext to structure the content space into a starting page that provides an overview and several secondary pages that each focus on a specific topic.
6. Use product photos, but avoid cluttered and bloated family pages with lots of photos. Some products may even need zooming or rotating photos, but reserve all such advanced features for the secondary pages. The primary product page
must be fast and should be limited to a thumbnail shot.
7. Use relevance-enhanced image reduction when preparing small photos and images.
8. Use link titles to provide users with a preview of where each link will take them, before they have clicked on it.
9. Ensure that all important pages are accessible for users with disabilities.
10. Remember Jakob's Law of the Web Users Experience: users spend most of their time on other sites, so that's where they form their expectations for how the Web works.
Task 2. Complete the sentences as in the text.
1 The main elements of design line, shape, space, , value and color.
2 Design is what you think and feel as you a Web site.
3 Superfluous can interfere with understanding.
4 pages are easier to read.
5 A skilled can take widely different elements.
6 The is international.
7 Provide if the site has more than one hundred pages.
8 Use to structure the content space into a starting page.
9 Some products may need zooming or photos.
10 It is known the spend most of their time on other sites.
Task 3. Form verbs adding the prefixes a) over- and b) en- to the given words and translate them:
to heat, to estimate, to charge, to work, to fill, to fulfill, to cool, to grow, to balance, to hear, to supply, to simplify, to use, to develop, to value; rich, sure, due, feeble, noble, close.
Task 4. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents.
1 Every engineer must improve his technical knowledge. 2 You should have helped your friend with Web design. 3 All the preparations with headlines and page titles must have been completed long ago. 4 With this deeper understanding Web site builders will be able to apply more integrated design practices. 5 No matter what Web design you choose, it should express your individuality. 6 With Blue Voda you will be able to build a fantastic Web site like this. 7 How can you make margins? 8 Users might understand your site. 9 Not everything can be standardized. 10 You shouldn't leave this Web site.
Task 5. Discuss the following questions.
1 What is design in common?
2 What are the main elements of design?
3 Design is only what you see, isn't it?
4 What can interfere with understanding?
5 Why are well-designed pages so successful?
6 What is the role of graphics in this process?
7 Why you should place your name on every page?
8 What kind of photos can you use?
9 Why do users spend the most of their time on other sites?
10 Have you ever tested your design with real users?
Task 6. Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1. Why do people have personal websites?
2. Have you ever visited anyones personal home page? What was it like?
