1. I was given a pay rise of £1,000 by my ________.
2. A football team normally has a ________ to keep the players fit.
3. A television ________ should always give the ________ a proper chance to express his or her opinions.
4. That company has 200 people working in its factory. My brother works there and I, too, am an ________.
5. At the moment he’s a management ________. If he’s successful, he’ll be given his first responsible position in January.
Exercise 2. Put in each space below a noun made from the adjective in brackets after the sentence.
1. South Africa has great mineral …. wealth ….. (wealthy)
2. ________ is one of the world’s great problems. (poor)
3. Tell the _______. (true)
4. I must drink something. I’m dying of _______. (thirsty)
5. I must eat something. I’m dying of ________. (hungry)
6. He was very bright. He passed the exam with ______. (easy)
7. In his ________ he travelled a lot. Now he is too old. (young)
8. I don’t know how to express my _________ for your help. (grateful)
9. It’s very late. There’s not much _________ of his coming now. (likely)
10. To be a soldier you need to be strong and in good _______. (healthy)
11. There was no doubt about his ________. He was sent to prison for five years. (guilty)
12. He escaped to _______ by climbing over the prison wall. (free)
Exercise 3. Put in each space below a noun made from the adjective in brackets after the sentence.
1. The … death …. of the president was announced on the radio. (dead)
2. In past wars soldiers were sometimes shot for ______. (cowardly)
3. He died to save the lives of others. It was an act of _______. (heroic)
4. He was a very thoughtful, philosophical person. A man of great ______. (wise)
5. She felt great ________ at being treated so badly. (angry)
6. He left his town to find _______ in the big city. (famous)
7. The tourists were impressed by the _________ of the jewellery in the museum. (splendid)
8. It was a long, slow film. I nearly died of ________. (boring)
9. He was filled with _________ at the terrible things he saw in the war. (horrible)
10. The ice quickly melted in the ________ of the sun. (hot)
11. His ________ was hurt when a younger man was given the job above him. (proud)
12. I think it shows ________ of character to admit you are wrong. (strong)
Exercise 4. Read the words given below. State the part of speech. Translate the words into Ukrainian.
A) to add – addition – additional, large – enlarge – enlargement, to create – creation – creator – creative – creatively, to divide – division – divisible – indivisible, to desire – desire – desirable – undesirable, to vary – variety – various – variable – invariable, to appear – appearance – disappear – disappearance, to act – act – active – activity – actor – action – activate – activation, long – length – to lengthen, possible – impossible – impossibility, depend – dependence – independence, differ – different – difference – indifferent, product – productive – unproductive – productivity – production, to compare – comparison – comparative – comparatively
B) consequent – consequently – consequence, to flood – flood – floodable, to deteriorate – deteriorating – deterioration, contaminate – contaminated – contaminating – contamination – contaminant, to erode – eroded – erosive – erosion, include – inclusion – inclusive – inclusively – inclusiveness, mount – to mount – mountain – mountaineer – mountainous, move – movable – mover – movement, to preserve – preserve – preservation – preservative, relate – related – relation – relationship – relative – relatively – relativity
Exercise 5. It’s interesting. Read and try to guess the meaning of the following words which can characterize some features of a person.
open-hearted, sweet-hearted, feather-brained, empty-headed, grey-headed, bull-headed, even-minded, high-minded, high-handed, high-spirited, low-spirited, low-born, higher-up, swift-handed, long-legged, snub-nosed, green-eyed, wide-shouldered, good-humoured, dog-tired, good-for-nothing, touch-me-not, well-to-do, cat-and-dog (life), strongly-built, chicken-hearted, one-eyed, stay-at-home, stone-blind, double-faced.
Exercise 6. Read the words.
· Pay attention to the stress in nouns and adjectives.
`atom – a`tomic, `organ – or`ganic, `metal – me`tallic, `period – peri`odic, e`conomy – eco`nomic, `science – scien`tific, `element – ele`mentary, `industry – in`dustrial, a`cademy – aca`demic, `strategy – stra`tegic, ge`ography – geo`graphic, meteo`rology – meteoro`logical, ge`ology – geo`logical
· Read the words. Pay attention to the stress in verbs and nouns.
`educate – edu`cation, `graduate – gradu`ation, `demonstrate – demon`stration, `illustrate – illust`ration, `indicate – indi`cation, `concentrate – concen`tration, com`municate – communi`cation, in`vestigate – investi`gation
Exercise 7. Make verbs ending in –en, –ify, –ize from the following words. Translate them.
–en: length, strength, height, light, wide, broad, bright, hard, weak, thick, dark
– ify: solid, pure, simple, intense, electric, quality
–ize: magnet, revolution, organ, crystal, character, special, active, real, economy, energy
Exercise 8. For questions 1-8 read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
| If you are (0)…… interested… | INTEREST |
| in the life of birds you should know that birds do not …..(1) | USUAL |
| fly very high and we can ……(2) see them | EASY |
| flying from the ground. A lot of birds when on …….(3) | MIGRATE |
| fly from 100 to 400 metres high as the ……..(4) shows. Some | EQUIP |
| birds, like penguins, cannot fly, but they are good ……..(5) | SWIM |
| and good ……..(6) too. | JUMP |
| They ……….(7) jump into and | QUICK |
| out of water and they look so ……(8) when they walk. | FUN |
Exercise 9. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
| The English language is ……..(1)growing and | CONSTANT |
| changing. No one has ever included every word from the language in a single dictionary. To do that would mean to …(2) | WRITE |
| the dictionary every day, which is …..(3). | POSSIBLE |
| But people have a lot of ….(4) | INFORM |
| about the ……(5) | GROW |
| and ……(6) | DEVELOP |
| of the language, its ……(7). | EXPAND |
| Scholars have …..(8) ideas of how any new | VARY |
| discovery contributes to the process of new words …..(9). | ADOPT |
| When people are faced with a new …..(10) | SITUATE |
| and they do not have a word for its …..(11) they sometimes | DESCRIBE |
| make up one. But no one makes a formal ……(12) about it. | DECIDE |
| Many …….(13) begin to have trouble when they start | READ |
| to read passages about …..(14) subjects. | FAMILIAR |
| Such people often …..(15) the passage as they cannot tell | UNDERSTAND |
| what the …..(16) of the sentence is. | MEAN |
| They come across …..(17) words which prevent | KNOWN |
| the process of …..(18). There are | COMPREHEND |
| many ….(19) ideas that can help you and the first is, | USE |
| “Don’t get …..(20). | NERVE |
| Try and read the passage …..(21), learn from context. | ATTENTIVE |
| Pay …..(22) to what the rest of the passage says. | ATTENTIVE |
| English has a very …….(23) | EFFICIENCY |
| method of adding words …..(24)! | BORROW |
| As an English ……(25) travels the globe he adds a wealth | SPEAK |
| of words from other languages. By the 1600’s the English were …….(26) | ACTIVE |
| involved in ……(27) | EXPLORE |
| They were looking for countries to establish trade …..(28) | CONNECT |
| with. In those countries a …..(29) | TRAVEL |
| was exposed to new ideas, climates full of heat and ….(30) | ICE |
| cold, …..(31) | DIFFER |
| plants and animals. Rather than make up …..(32) | END |
| rows of new words for everything he saw an ……(33) often used the words of the natives. These | EXPLORE |
| words became an …..(34) part of the English vocabulary. | IMPORT |
GRAMMAR REVISION
Exercise 10. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
At the dentist’s
I was on time for my dentist’s appointment, but the dentist was still busy with another patient, so I (1)……..(sit) in the waiting room and (2)………..(read) some of the old magazines lying there. While I (3)………….(wonder) whether to leave and come back another day, I (4)………(notice) a magazine article about teeth. It (5)……..(begin): “ How long is it since you last (6)………….(go) to the dentist? (7)………….(you go) regularly every six months? Or (8)……….. (you put off) your visit for the last six years?” Next to the article was a cartoon of a man in a dentist’s chair. The dentist (9)…………..(say): “ I’m afraid this (10)……………..(hurt).” I (11)……………(suddenly realized) that my tooth (12)………….(stop) aching. But just as I (13)…………(open) the door to leave, the dentist’s door (14)………..(open). “Next please”, he (15)…………(call), as the previous patient (16) ………..(push) past me. “Actually I’m not here to see you, I (17)………..(wait) for my friend.” I (18)………………(shout), leaving as rapidly as I could. (19)………..(you ever do) this kind of thing? Surely I can’t be the only person who (20) ……..(hate) the dentist!
Exercise 11. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
1. When I was a child I used to ride / was riding a tricycle.
2. That looks very heavy. Will I / Shall I help you?
3. I’m waiting for Sue. Have you seen / did you see her?
4. How long are you working / have you been working here?
5. I can’t come out because I haven’t finished / didn’t finish my homework yet.
6. When the phone rang I washed / was washing my hair in the bathroom.
7. Why do you stare / are you staring at me like that?
8. I’ve finished my exams so I’m having / I have a party tomorrow.
9. We’d better wait here until the rain stops / will stop.
10. When did you last go / have last been to the cinema?
Exercise 12. Supply suitable active and passive forms in theses sentences using the verbs in brackets. Some variations in tenses may be possible.
1. It isn’t clear how far the ozone layer (damage) by aerosol sprays. It may be possible to tell whether the hole over the Atlantic (widen) after the area (investigate) by high-flying planes.
2. These days, even the most remote places on earth (visit) by tourists. Package tours (can/arrange) for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas to the Amazonian Jungle.
3. Notices such as (English/Speak) and (Shoes/Repair) are common.
4. We constantly (remind) of the way the world (become) smaller when events taking place in different parts of the globe (flash) on our television screens.
5. If you (involve) in a car accident and someone (hurt), you (have to) report the matter to the police. If only the vehicles (damage), drivers should exchange names and addresses.
Exercise 13. Put in the correct verb forms.
1. If Jane (to help), me I (to be) in great trouble.
2. If he (to run) a bit taster, he (to win).
3. If I (to be) tired, I (may realize) what was happening.
4. If my mother (to be alive), she (to be) eighty next year.
5. Nothing (to happen), if you (to follow) the instructions.
6. I (not to cancel) the appointment, if I (not to fall) ill.
7. We (to contact) them long ago if someone (to tell) us that it wasnecessary.
8. If I (to be) you, I (not to believe) it.
9. I (to arrange) everything myself, if you (to ask) me in good time.
Exercise 14. Choose the right answer.
1. “Everything ___all right if they ___on time”
A) will be / come
B) will be / will come
C) would be / come
D) is / comes
E) is / will come
2. “I wouldn’t argue if I ___ you”
A) am
B) will be
C)were
D) was
E) be
3. “If you ___late, we ___ without you”
A) were / will leave
B) will / will leave
C) will be / will leave
D) are / will leave
E) will / leave
4. “You wouldn’t understand this in English, ___?”
A) is it
B)would you
C) isn’t it
D) are you
E) wouldn’t you
5. “If he ___time, he ___you this evening, but he’s very busy”
A) had / would phone
B) has / phones
C) has / will phone
D) had / phoned
E) has / would phone
6. “A ___ future depends on her character”
A) girls’
B) girl is
C) girl
D) girl’s
E) girls
7. “There are ___ chairs in the room”
A) fifth
B) fives
C) a five
D) the five
E) five
8. “Oh, no, we can’t afford it. We want something ___”
A) cheaper
B) cheapest
C) the cheapest
D) much cheap
E) cheap
9. “A small number of people decided to leave, but ___ remained seated”
A) another
B) the others
C) others
D) other
E) the other
10. “How many ___ have two ___ got?”
A) wifes / mans
B) wives / man
C) wives / mens
D) wifs / men
E) wives / men
11. “This is my ___ car and this is my ___ house”
A) parent’s / brother’s
B) parent’s / brothers
C) parents’ / brother’s
D) parent’s / brothers’
E) parents / brothers
12. “I ___ a shower when the lights went out”
A) had
B) was having
C) had have
D) have been having
E) will have
13. “We were afraid he ___ our address”
A) had forgotten
B) forget
C) has forgotten
D) have been forgotten
E) forgot
14. “I (to wait) for my mother for an hour”
A) was waiting
B) am waiting
C) had waited
D) had been waiting
E) have been waiting
15. “When you return home I (to write) for 5 hours”
A) will write
B) had been writing
C) was writing
D) will have been writing
E) have been writing
16. “I couldn’t open the door because I (to loose) my keys”
A) lost
B) have lost
C) will have lost
D) had lost
E) was loosing
16. “The train (to start) in an hour”
A) will start
B) started
C) starts
D) will be starting
E) start
17. “We were told that the train ___ five minutes later”
A) has arrived
B) will arrive
C) was arriving
D) would arrive
E) had arrived
18. “They started producing refrigerators after they ___ tanks for year”
A) have produced
B) had been producing
C) have been producing
D) had produced
E) produced
19. “By the first of June he (to work) at the University for 25 years
A) will have been working
B) is working
C) has been working
D) will has been working
E) have been working
20. “My friend ___ in Boston at the moment, but he ___ from Canada”
A) lives / is coming
B) is living / comes
C) lives / came
D) is living / is coming
E) lives / came
WRITING
Task. Draw a flowchart for one of these activities. Follow these steps:
1. Choose a simple procedure from the ones in the box below (or a simple one of your own).
2. Break the procedure down into all the steps that you have to follow. Think about where the process starts and ends, and the input from you and from the outside. When you make a decision, think of when you say ‘yes’ and when you say ‘no’, and what happens next.
3. Write exactly what happens at each stage.
4. Draw the flowchart, putting your text into the different shapes.
5. Show your flowchart to another student. Does he/she agree with your steps?
| · Making a cup of tea or coffee · Making a telephone call · Sending a text message · Answering the door · Doing the translation of the text | · Planning a holiday · Choosing a new computer · Preparing for an important exam · Making a proposal · Getting to the University |
UNIT 15
PROGRAMMING
Vocabulary Bank Unit 15
Task 1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
1. a form design grid
2. add-on (n)
3. assumption
4. bug
5. computation
6. constant
7. debugger
8. downside
9. event-driven
10. event-handling code
11. flow of execution
12. gracefully
13. inadequate
14. initial
15. iteration
16. language-specific symbols
17. loop
18. multiple
19. outline (n)
20. predefined
21. programming paradigm
22. pseudo code
23. regardless
24. remarks
25. repetition control structure
26. runtime error
27. screen-based object
28. self-contained
29. sequence of steps
30. step-by-step
31. structuring
32. to arrive a solution
33. to deal with
34. to define
35. to launch a program
36. user manuals
37. VDE (visual development environment)
38. verbal presentation
39. walkthrough
40. well-documented program
Introductory reading
