. , , , , , , , . . , . : , , , [363].
, , . , , . ? (i, 76, 77). : , . , , , . : , , . , As. Res. xx, 299. , , : , .
, 1839 ., . , . 1824 . Vie de Bouddha d'apras les livres Mongols, : ‑ (), , , . ? , , , Asia Polyglotta (1823), . , , , , ‑ . .. , . , .
, . , , . , , . , .
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1. (., : 25 ). , . , . , , , , I . .. , , . . , , auf Antrieb des Heiligen Geistes; , ‑, ,
. .
2. (., ii: 41 ). , . , , , , ; , .
3. . , , , , , . , Hi: 15. , . , . . : : ; . : , . ?[366] , . , , .
4. . , . , . , , , ; , . : , , . , . , . , . , . , ; . , , ‑ , , .
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5. . , , ., xi: 27: , , , : , , , ! , , , . , ? , , . , , V . .. , , . , , ( ) .
6. (., xii: 4144; ., xxi: 14). , , [367]. , , , () , , , . (), ... () , , ... (). , . , , . , . . .
7. (., xiv: 28). 190‑ , ‑ :
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: , , . ' , , . , . ‑ () . ‑: , , . : ‑, . , , , , , , . . , , , , , , . , : . , .
, , [368]. , , , . , . , , . , , . , .
, , . , , . , . , , .
9. . , (2 ., iii: 10 12): , , , , , , , , . , , , ?
, :
, , , , , , , : (), , , , ‑ . , , , . , , .
: 1) (iii: 8) , . ‑ . , ; 2) . , ; 3) .
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, , . (iv, 100), . , , , , , , . , . , . , , . , , , , .
, . , , .
10. . . . [369].
11. (., i: 35 ). , . , , . . , , , , . , , , , , , .
, . , . .
12. (., i: 48). , . , . : ovtcx wv , : , . , , . , , .
13. (., xv: 1132). , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , , . , . , , . ( ), , , .
, II . .., . , , , .
14. , . ! , , ? (., ix: 2). , , ( ). , , . , , , . , .
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15. . , , , (., xvii: 2). , . , , , . , . , , , .
. . , . , . , , . , . , , , , , . , , , . ; , , .
16. . ( 78‑ ) , .
. , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . : , . . . ().
, , , .
, , . , . , : ‑, , , I . .. . , . , VI . .. , , . . , . , , , , ‑ ; , .
‑, . I . .. , . , . , , , . , . , . , , , . , .
, , . . . , . .. , [370]. , , . [371]. . , , , , .
. , ‑ , . , .
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[2]Al Biruni, Chronol. of ancient Nations, tr. Sachau, p. 190.
[3]Hegemonius, Acta Archelai, LXIIL, ed. Beeson. Leipzig, 1906. , . Buddam , .
[4]Adv. Jovin., I, 42.
[5]Bk. Ill, ch. 15 (Yule, ii, p. 138; Ramusio, III, ch. 23).
[6]An Historical Relation of Ceylon, 1681; repr. Glasgow, 1911.
[7]Description du Royaume de Siam, Paris, 1691; A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam. London, 1693, p. 163 ff.
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[10]Buddha and Buddhism in JRAS, XVI (1856), p. 248.
[11] // .. . . . 1. ., 1857.
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[17]Eine tibetische Lebensbeschreibung Cakja Muni's, in Auszuge mitgeteilt von A. Schiemer. St. Petersburg, 1851.
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[23]Hibbert Lectures, 1881, p. 197.
[24], , , , . ( ), , . (), . , . , , . . ( ), . . . , , .
[25], Essays and Addresses, London, 1892 , . . .
[26]. 5.
[27] , (. ). . . Dasgupta, Yoga as philosophy and religion, p. 164.
[28]‑. , i, 18 .
[29], iii, 1 .
[30] . X, 121, X, 90; . Vedic Hymns E.J. Thomas, 1923. ‑, , . ii, 84; JRAS, 1894, . 341
[31], i, 338 ff.; Rockhill, ch. I; ., iii, ., ii. . . . , , . , ‑. .
[32]Rockhill, p. 11.
[33] , . , , (), , . (, 13) (, ): , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , i, 98. , . , .
[34] , , .
[35] ., ii, 74.
[36] , . , i, 353.
[37]Indische Studien, v 412 ff. (1862). ., II, 13, PTS, vol. ii, 356 ff.
[38]. Jathaka Tales, Introd. p. 2 ff.
[39], ii, 200 .
[40] , , , (., i, 213; iv, 252, 256, 260). ., 24 (22), , , i, 198; ii, 2, .
[41] .
[42], ii, 146, 169.
[43] , .
[44]JRAS., 1898, 503 .
[45]Cunningham, Arch. S. Reports, i, 55; JRAS, 1902, 267.
[46]B.A. : , , , ( 81 53 83 49 ). (.. Mukherji, A Report on a Tour of exploration of the antiquities of the Tarai, p. 18).
[47] , , , ( ); Rockhill, p. 11. .. (Man. Budh., p. 135) , . , , , , .
[48] ‑ (i, 384, 406) .
[49]Four Reports made during the years 18621865. Arch. Survey, i, p. 330 ft. Anc. Geog. of India, i, p. 407.
[50]Report of tours in the Central Doab and Gorakhpur in 18741875 and 18751876. Arch. Survey, xii, p. 108.
[51]Kausambi and Sravasti, JRAS, 1898 p. 503; cp. S. Konow, Ind. Ant. 1908, p. 180.
[52]. J. Marshall, Notes on archeological exploration in India, 1908‑1909, JRAS, 1909, p. 1061.
[53]Inscriptions of Asoka, ed. Hultzsch, p. 165; cp. Ep. Ind. v. 1, p. 6.
[54] , , , , . , , . .. , , , . , ‑. Mukherji, Report, p. 4. Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth‑place in the Nepalese Tarai. Allahabad, 1897. .
[55] , (Monograph, p. 28). , , . , . ( ), , ‑. .. : , (sic), , . Ind. Ant. 1905, p. 1. , , , , .
[56]Inscriptions of Asoka, p. 164; . , JRAS, 1897, pp. 429, 615. , : ‑ . , , , .
[57]., i, 52; ., 94 (82); , , ‑; . 4‑ .
[58]Mukherji, Report, p. 15. . Kapilavastu ERE. . , JRAS, 1906, pp. 453, 553.
[59] 11‑ . , , , , , ( , , ) . . . , . , ; ( ), . , , . Vishnu‑pur., iv, 22, 3; Vayu‑p., xxxvii, 28304; Matsya‑p., ccixxi, 12. ‑ .
[60]‑, ii, 124.
[61]., 422423; , ii, 198199; Rockhill, p. 27, , .
[62], i, 115.
[63] .: . History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, p. 380, ‑, . 106, ‑, . 166. SBE, vii, xxxiii.
[64] , VII, 25; . Haug Keith.
[65] ‑ (522) , . , ; , .
[66]Asvalayana, Srauta‑sutra, 12, 11, 1.
[67]Rockhill, p. 10, . 5.
[68]Baines, Ethnography (Castes and Tribes), par. 3. Strassburg, 1912.
[69]Baines, ibid., par. 4.
[70] , ( ) . , . , , ; , (., ii, 214). , , , , . .
[71] ( ) , . , , , . , ‑ , , . , . , , . , . . ., , (), (), ( ).
[72] , , , 544 . .. , . , , , 218 ; , 323 . .., 483 . .. ; . , 218, , . ‑ , . . , 1067 . .. . Gram. Tib. par. 255.
[73] , : . .
[74]. 15 16.
[75] (), . .
[76] , . , , Manu, ii, 21.
[77]‑, ., , 118. ‑, , ii, 12.
[78] .
[79] , , , .
[80] 27 28 . 28, Niddesa, i, 382. ., 502506; ., 639 ; Mahavayutpatti, 165. . Sun, Moon and Stars (Buddhist) ERE.
[81] : . , , , ., 96 (84) : , ‑, . , .
[82] . , , , , . 1922 . () 10 .
[83] , ii, 18 : .
[84]., 109 (96); , ii, 20. , . . .
[85] (Buddhism as a Religion, p. 2) : , , , 1896 .; , , , , , . : , .
[86]., i, 266; Avadanasat., 13 f.
[87], i, 113.
[88]., 46 (42).
[89]Journ. des Savants, aout, 1899, p. 488.
[90] , .
[91] .
[92] , . ‑, 5, , .
[93]. 15.
[94], , ; . Windish Kuhn Festschrift, p. 1 . . , , , , , . Rockhill, p. 18.
[95]., i, 246 ( , . 64 ); ., xviii, 330 (263). , . , , ( ) ( ). , . . , ii, 45 ; Rockhill, p. 22. . 13.
[96] , , . , , , .
[97]Rockhill, p. 22; ., . 391. . , , 17.
[98]., 134 (117); , ii, 26; Rockhill, p. 17. , .
[99]Rockhill, p. 17; ., 391.
[100] , , . . , , , , . , , .
[101] . , .
[102] .
[103], , , ‑, , ii, 151.
[104] , , , . , , , , . (.: Art. Sun, Moon, and Stars, Buddhist, ERE.) , , . Schiefner, Tib. Lebensb. par. 10, , . , ii, 159 , , , , , . Rockhill, p. 24 .
[105] , , . , . , . .
[106] , ii, 157, , . Rockhill, p. 24 , .
[107], , , , , .
[108] . , , , .
[109] , , . , .
[110]Buddha, p. 119. .
[111]. 4.
[112]., 335; ., iii, 135, 136; iv, 105; ., ii, 164; ., i, 414, 420; iii, 277.
[113]Therag., 295, 41, 348, 536; . ., iii, 83:
, , , .
[114]., i, 65; , ii, 189; ., 277 (225). , , . , . , , , , .
[115]. ., i, 23, 117, 167, 247249; ii, 93‑94. , , . , .
[116]., 309 (246); , ii, 121.
[117] ( ... ) .
[118]., 330 (264) : , , , .
[119] ( ).
[120] ; , .
[121]. 4.
[122] () . , , . .: Rhys Davids, Pali‑English Dictionary, s.v. Dukkha.
[123] . ., i, 21 .
[124] . , .
[125] , , , (), () (). () . , . , . , ( , ). ; , ‑, .
[126]., 405424; , ii, 198200; , , ; ., 297 (240) .
[127], ii, 117120; . ii, 195206. , , , .
[128], .
[129] ., 334337 (267270) , . ., 392 .
[130] ‑; . 6.
[131] :
) , . , , . , ;
) , , . ;
) . , ;
) , , . , , , , ;
) , . , , . ., , 240; , ii, 136.
[132]‑, 425449; , , 238; ., 327 (261).
[133] , .
[134], , . , . .
[135] . , und Buddha , , , .
[136], ii, 261; iii, 260; Therag., 839.
[137]., i, 2; Vinaya Texts, i, 78; Udana I, i.
[138] 2. (i, 16) ; , : , ‑ .
[139]., 454 (355); , Beal, Rom. Legend, p. 225, , .
[140]Rockhill, Life of the Buddha, p. 33.
[141]Udana, II, 2; Samy., iii, 26; , , Theragatha, 254. , , , , .
[142]Mbh., xii., 174, 48. , , , . XIII . (Sahityadarpana, 240), () .
[143] : , .
[144]Lai., 528 . , , , . .
[145] . , , .
[146] , , , , . , ‑ Vin. Texts, i, pp. XVXXI.
[147]Vin., i, l ff.; Vin. Texts, i, 73 ff.
[148]., i, 78; ., i, 124, ., 490 (378).
[149]., i, 77; ., 488 (377); , iii, 273. ., 499 (385), , , , ; Rockhill, p. 34.
[150] , , . , . ., 495 (382) . ‑ , . ., ii, 112; Vin. Texts, iii, 82.
[151] , .
[152] .
[153] .
[154] , ‑ . Vin. Texts, i, 102. ; , , .
[155] , , . , , , (., i, 105, 111).
[156] . , die schone Gruppe bildend; , .
[157] , .
[158] , , .
[159] ., i, 88 ; , i, 155 .
[160]Rockhill, 44. . . , , 10.
[161] , 528 . .. ( ). , , , . , . , , . . , , :
) ,
4) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) (),
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) .
, , . , : , , , , , .. , , . Schiefner, Tib. Leb., 11.
[162]Therag., 527536 ; ., i, 301; ., i, 87; ., com. i, 115, iii, 163, .
[163]‑. ,