PCI, 66 32 264 /. . , , . , . , . , . , .
Intel PCI 2.1 AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port ). 1996 , 2.0 (1998 ), 4x. 2000 . Intel AGP8X, , . .
AGP 32- 66 , PCI. PCI, AGP , , PCI. 100 , AGP 2.0, AGP8X 66,6 ( PCI). :
♦ ;
♦ (2) (4) ( );
♦ .
. 6.11, PCI AGP. PCI ( ). AGP , .
. 6.11. PCI AGP
66 533 (2) 1066 / (4), 32- . , ( ATA Ultra DMA). 2 4 , , .
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() . AGP 8 SBA (SideBand Address), , . AGP, AD.
AGP , SD- ( ). AGP , AGP ( ) ( ) PCI. AGP 64- Pentium . , PCI. Intel AGP P6, AGP Pentium.
, AGP . AGP -:
♦ , PCI (Fast Write);
♦ , , ;
♦ , .
AGP PCI AGP. , AGP, AGP, AGP+PCI. AGP ( AGP ) PCI ( ..); PCI. AGP . PCI , - .
PCI, , FRAME# PCI (. . 6.2). , AD , , , . , . . ( PCI) , PCI.
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AGP ( AGP) ; AGP , . . AGP - PCI, PCI. , AGP, PCI, FW (Fast Write), AGP (2 4), AGP, PCI. FW .
AGP . 6.12. AGP :
♦ IDLE ;
♦ DATA ;
♦ AGP AGP;
♦ PCI PCI.
. 6.12. AGP
IDLE PCI ( , ) AGP ( ). PCI PCI , . AGP ( PIPE# SBA), ; . DATA , , . , . PCI ( ) AGP ( ), AGP. AGP , . AGP, (REQ# PCI) .
AGP PCI.
♦ , .
♦ .
♦ , , PCI. , 8 , 8- . PCI; /BE[3:0]# .
♦ .
♦ . , , PCI.
AGP ( ), , .
♦ AD[31:0] /BE[3:0] PIPE#, CLK .
♦ (sideband) SBA[7:0]. , AD. (1, 2 4).
AD PIPE# AGP (CCCC) /BE[3:0], AD ( AD[31:3]) n ( AD[2:0]) . :
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♦ 0000 (Read) (n+1) ( 8 ) , ;
♦ 0001 (HP Read) ;
♦ 0100 (Write) ;
♦ 0101 (HP Write) ;
♦ 1000 (Long Read) (n+1)×4 ( 256 );
♦ 1001 (HP Long Read) ;
♦ 1010 (Flush) , ( AGP , ; , , );
♦ 1100 (Fence) , ;
♦ 1101 (Dual Address Cycle, DAC) 64- : AD , ( AD) ( /BE[3:0]).
SBA[7:0] 16- . , . :
♦ 1: 0 AAAA AAAA ALLL (LLL) ([14:03]);
♦ 2: 10 CCRA AAAA (CCCC) ([23:15]);
♦ 3: 110 R AAAA AAAA ( [35:24]);
♦ 4: 1110 AAAA AAAA , 64- .
(NOP); SBA. R . 2, 3 4 (sticky) , , . 1, , 24. . SBA .
♦ 1 CLK; ( ) , 11111111b, . CLK ( ).
♦ 2 SBA SB_STB, , . ( ) CLK, CLK.
♦ 4 () SB_STB#. SB_STB, SB_STB#. , CLK, CLK .
, ( ) NOP 10, 5 2,5 CLK 1, 2 4 .
AGP , AGP /. AGP ( ), .
AGP , DATA. , AGP /. AGP ( ), . AD ST[2:0] ( GNT#, 100110 ):
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♦ 000 , ( );
♦ 001 ;
♦ 010 ;
♦ 011 ;
♦ 111 AGP ( PIPE#) PCI ( FRAME#).
, . , , ( ). (, , P6) AGP . 4 ( , , , ). ; , . ( ) . ( , ).
AGP , PCI. AGP , , , . , AGP 256 . PnP ( ) . , ( , ), ( ).
AGP , PCI, , PCI. AGP 1 PCI, ( ). 2 4 .
♦ 1 (4 AD[31:0]) CLK, 66,6×4 = 266 /.
♦ 2 AD_STB0 AD_STB1 AD[0:15] AD[16:31] . , , . CLK, 66,6×2×4 = 533 /.
♦ 4 () AD_STB0# AD_STB1#. , . , CLK, 66,6×2×2×4 = 1066 /.
AGP , . RBF# (Read Buffer Full) ( ). WBF# (Write Buffer Full) (Fast Write, FW).
AGP , PCI, (. . 6.2.12). AGP- IDSEL AD16, AGP AD16=1.
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POST , AGP . AGP , AGP: , , 4 , . AGP, AGP, . ( ).
AGP : , , , 4 , 1, 2, 4. AGP , CAP_PTR, CAP_ID=02 ( [7:0]) AGP ( [23:20] , [19:16] ).
AGP ( CAP_PTR+4) :
♦ [31:24] RQ, , : 01 , 255256 ;
♦ [23:10] (0);
♦ 9 SBA, ;
♦ [8:6] (0);
♦ 5 4G, 4 ;
♦ 4 FW, ;
♦ 3 (0);
♦ [2:0] RATE, AD SBA: 01 x, 1 2, 2 4.
AGP . AGP ( CAP_PTR+8) :
♦ [31:24] RQ_DEPTH, ;
♦ [23:10] (0);
♦ 9 SBA_ENABLE, ;
♦ 8 AGP_ENABLE, AGP;
♦ [7:6] (0);
♦ 5 4G, 4 ( 4- SBA);
♦ 4 FW_Enable, ;
♦ 3 (0);
♦ [2:0] DATA_RATE, : 0 1, 1 2, 2 4 ( ).
AGP , , AGP. AGP PCI (. 6.13), ( EISA) . , PCI.
. 6.13. AGP: 3,3 , 1,5 ,
AGP : 3,3 1,5 ( RST# CLK 3,3 ). . 1 2 , 4 1,5 . 2 4 Vref. 3,3 0,4×Vddq, 1,5 0,5×Vddq. . 66 (Vrefgc) , B66 (Vrefcg) () AGP.
AGP : 3,3 , 1,5 , , . 3,3 2225 ( , . . 6.13, , ); 1,5 4245. , . TYPEDET# 3,3 , 1,5 . Vddq (3,3 1,5 ). .
AGP . 6.15, 3,3/1,5 . , , , . - VCC3.3, 4, ( 1 ). 3,3Vaux, # .
6.15. AGP
N | A | N | A | ||
12V | 1 | OVRCNT# | Vddq | 34 | Vddq |
TYPEDET# | 2 | 5.0V | AD22 | 35 | AD21 |
3 | 5.0V | AD20 | 36 | AD19 | |
USB- | 4 | USB+ | GND | 37 | GND |
GND | 5 | GND | AD18 | 38 | AD17 |
INTA# | 6 | INTB# | AD16 | 39 | C/BE2# |
RST# | 7 | CLK | Vddq | 40 | Vddq |
GNT# | 8 | REQ# | FRAME# | 41 | IRDY# |
VCC3.3 | 9 | VCC3.3 | / 1,5 | 42 | 3,3Vaux/ 1,5 |
ST1 | 10 | ST0 | GND/ 1,5B | 43 | GND/ 1,5 |
11 | ST2 | / 1,5 | 44 | / 1,5 | |
PIPE# | 12 | RBF# | VCC3.3/ 1,5 | 45 | VCC3.3/ 1,5 |
GND | 13 | GND | TRDY# | 46 | DEVSEL# |
14 | STOP# | 47 | Vddq3.3 | ||
SBA1 | 15 | SBA0 | # | 48 | PERR# |
VCC3.3 | 16 | VCC3.3 | GND | 49 | GND |
SBA3 | 17 | SBA2 | PAR | 50 | SERR# |
SB_STB#¹ | 18 | SB_STB | AD15 | 51 | C/BE1# |
GND | 19 | GND | Vddq | 52 | Vddq |
SBA5 | 20 | SBA4 | AD13 | 53 | AD14 |
SBA7 | 21 | SBA6 | AD11 | 54 | AD12 |
3,3 / | 22 | 3,3 / | GND | 55 | GND |
3,3 B/GND | 23 | 3,3 B/GND | AD9 | 56 | AD10 |
3,3 / | 24 | 3,3 B/3,3Vaux | C/BE0# | 57 | AD8 |
3,3 B/VCC3.3 | 25 | 3,3 B/3,3Vaux | Vddq | 58 | Vddq |
AD30 | 26 | AD31 | AD_STB0#¹ | 59 | AD_STB0 |
D28 | 27 | AD29 | AD6 | 60 | AD7 |
VCC3.3 | 28 | VCC3.3 | GND | 61 | GND |
AD26 | 29 | AD27 | AD4 | 62 | ADS |
AD24 | 30 | AD25 | AD2 | 63 | AD3 |
GND | 31 | GND | Vddq | 64 | Vddq |
AD_STB1#¹ | 32 | AD_STB1 | ADO | 65 | AD1 |
/# | 33 | AD23 | Vrefgc² | 66 | Vrefcg² |
1 3,3 ( 4).
2 1.
AGP, AGP USB, ( USB+, USB- OVRCNT#, +5 , ).
# (Power Management Interface). 3,3Vaux .
AGP Pro , 4 , . : AGP AGP Pro, . AGP Pro AGP (. 6.14) GND 3,3 12 , . 6.16. AGP Pro . AGP Pro 12 PCI: ( ), , PCI.
. 6.14. AGP Pro ( 1,5 ): ,
6.16. AGP Pro
D | C | |
VCC3.3 | 1 | VCC3.3 |
VCC3.3 | 2 | GND |
VCC3.3 | 3 | VCC3.3 |
VCC3.3 | 4 | GND |
VCC3.3 | 5 | GND |
VCC3.3 | 6 | GND |
VCC3.3 | 7 | GND |
VCC3.3 | 8 | GND |
PRSNT2# | 9 | |
PRSNT1# | 10 | |
E | F | |
1 | ||
2 | ||
GND | 3 | VCC12 |
GND | 4 | VCC12 |
GND | 5 | VCC12 |
GND | 6 | VCC12 |
GND | 7 | VCC12 |
GND | 8 | VCC12 |
GND | 9 | VCC12 |
GND | 10 | VCC12 |
GND | 11 | VCC12 |
GND | 12 | VCC12 |
GND | 13 | VCC12 |
GND | 14 | VCC12 |
AGP Pro 110 , 3,3 ( 7,6 ) 12 ( 9,2 ) AGP, AGP Pro - PCI. AGP Pro (High Power, 50-110 ) 2 PCI, (Low Power, 50 ) 1 . . , . PRSNT1# ( ), a PRSNT2# ( 50 , 110 ).
AGP8X :
♦ AD SBA 8, 2,132 /;
♦ ;
♦ ( );
♦ I#;
♦ , GART;
♦ , .
; AGP; , GART; .
LPC
LPC (Low Pin Count ) , X-Bus ISA: , , , , BIOS .. ISA . , ISA: - -, DMA (bus mastering). . ISA/X-Bus 24- , 16 , LPC 32- , 4 . 16- 64 . PCI, . ISA/X-Bus, - . LPC - PCI. . LPC 1.0 , . FIFO DMA. LPT- 2 / 47% . 4 / (11,4%). ( , -, ) , 75% . , ISA/X-Bus LPC , .
7 :
♦ LAD[3:0] ;
♦ LFRAME# , ;
♦ LRESET# , , RST# PCI;
♦ LCLK (33 ), , CLK PCI;
LPC:
♦ LDRQ# DMA/Bus Master ;
♦ SERIRQ ( ), , IRQ ISA;
♦ CLKRUN# , ( ), , DMA/BusMaster , PCI;
♦ # (Power Management Event), , PCI;
♦ LPCPD# Power Down, ;
♦ LSMI# SMI# -.
LFRAME# LAD[3:0] ( ) LCLK. LAD[3:0] . LPC . 6.15. LFRAME#, LAD[3:0] START. LFRAME# LAD[3:0], START . LFRAME# LAD[3:0] CYCTYPE. LFRAME# , ( START) . LFRAME# (, -), .
. 6.15. LPC
START :
♦ 0000 ;
♦ 0010 0;
♦ 0011 1;
♦ 1111 (abort).
.
CYCTYPE . 0 (0 , 1 ), [2:1] (00 , 01 , 10 DMA, 11 ), 3 (0).
TAR (Turn-Around) LAD[3:0], 2 . 1111, .
ADDR . 8 (32 ), - 4 . ( ).
DATA . 2 , . .
SYNC , . ( ):
♦ 0000 ( ), DMA ;
♦ 0101 ( );
♦ 0110 ;
♦ 1001 DMA ( );
♦ 1010 : , , PCI ISA SERR# IOCHK# ( DMA ).
, -. , . , , , . , , 8 -. , . SYNC , , - -. ( ) SYNC .
. 6.16 ( , ). . , 5 SYNC ( EPROM 120 ), 21 (0,63 ), 1,59 /. , . SYNC 1 , 17 (0,51 ), 1,96 /. (1 SYNC) 13 (0,39 ), 2,56 / .
. 6.16. : ,
DMA LDRQ# , . DMA , . 6.17. -, ACT: 1 ( ) , 0 . 4 ( 100) ( DMA). . , SYNC.
. 6.17. DMA
DMA (. 6.18) , . :
♦ SIZE : 0000 1 , 0001 2 , 0011 4 , ;
♦ CHANNEL DMA ( [2;0]) (TC, 3).
. 6.18. DMA: ,
, (1, 2 4 ), ( DMA) 11, 18 32 (0,33, 0,54 0,96 ), 3,03, 3,70 4,17 / . 11,14 20 (0,33, 0,42 0,60 ), 3,03, 4,76 6,67 /. , 2 4 .
, , 4 (100). , START , (. 6.19). ( , PCI). 2- 4- , , PCI . 6 ( , ) SYNC, ( , ) 25, 27 31 (0,75, 0,81 0,93 ), 1,33, 2,47 4,30 /. 21, 23 27 (0,63, 0,69 0,81 ), 1,59, 2,90 4,94 /.
. 6.19. (Bus Master): , ()
LAD[3:0], LFRAME#, LDRQ# SERIRQ PCI 2.1 3,3 . 5 , 3,3 .
LPC PCI ISA PnP, LPC BIOS. LPC LPC.