.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE

 

 

2015

 


005.5(075.8)

65.290-273

 

:

 

 

..

English for Science []: / .. , .. . : , 2015. 128 .

ISBN

 

 

. , . , .

 

 

 

ISBN     , 2015

 

 

 

Ņ. 4

PREFACE......................................................................................6

1. ......7

..22

2. ..24

..35

3. Ņ.41

 

4.-߅.98

5. .103

(- )167

..

…

ۅ

 

, , , , .

, . , .

. , ; , .

- (). , - - .

. , , . .

, , , . , : , , , .

, :

, (, , , );

;

.

 

PREFACE

Textbook "English for Science" is addressed primarily to undergraduates and graduate students of higher educational institutions, students of the departments of foreign languages, as well as all those who wish to improve their command of language, get in-depth understanding of the text, to improve the skills of speaking and writing, and translation.

The book reflects the latest innovative trends in the methodology of language teaching, focused on its deep and complete study. A new approach to the study of language is in relation and structure of theoretical and practical material.

All texts and exercises in the textbook are motivational and mutually directed. It is convenient to use, as it offers marked texts and exercises; easily compatible to computer programs. It engages learners in individual learning and it is useful for work in the classroom under supervision of a professor and for individual lessons.

The textbook is fully consistent with federal state educational standards of the minimum program of candidate examination on discipline "Foreign language (English). Textbook "English for Science" is designed to prepare graduate students and applicants of humanitarian, psycho-pedagogical and natural science majors to pass candidate examination on general scientific discipline "Foreign Language".

Learning English in graduate school is an integral part of the training of scientific specialists in any field. This becomes especially true in the context of globalization, when the need of cultural, professional and scientific exchange is growing. English language proficiency should enable a specialist to conduct professional and academic activities in a foreign environment.

The main aim of teaching English is to develop foreign language communicative competence, ensuring a scientist working knowledge of the language, both professionally and on the socio-cultural level. This textbook is aimed at the realization of communication, educational and training purposes: it helps to learn a foreign language as a means of carrying out research activities in a foreign language environment, promotes the broad-minded specialists, provides them with the opportunity to establish business relations and cultural insights into the professional experience and spiritual values of other countries.

The objectives to be achieved in this book:

- Formation of linguistic skills, providing foreign-language speech activity (reading, listening, speaking and writing);

- Training of graduate students and undergraduates to participate in professional communication and socio-cultural nature;

- Raising the general cultural level of the student on the basis of improving the skills of verbal communication and learning cultural realities of the target language.

1.

,

, , .

(). , , .

, , - , , .

, , , .

, :

- ;

- ;

- () ( ) ;

- () ;

- ( ) ;

- () .

" " , . , .

 

. () , , . ; , .

. () , , , .

. () , , , .

 

:

1. , .

2. , , - , , () .

3. , ( ).

4. , ( , ).

. () . : ( ), ; , .

 

1. .

:

1.1 :

- , , , , , , ..

1.2. :

- (), , , ..

1.3. :

- (), () -, () -, () .

1.4 :

- , , , , , , , ..

 

2. .

: , , , ; , : (), () , () ..

 

3. .

, , () 5500 , 500 .

 

4. .

. : . . . . . . : , ; , . : , , ; ( ); ( ); ; (be +.) ; for+.+.. : ; ( ); ; ( ); I II, have++. : , , , ; . . . ; should would. . ( ). ( ) : do; , only () do; it isthat; there; Continious ; ; . : , - (that (of), those (of), this, these, do, ne, nes), , - (sas, not soas, thethe). () .

() .

() , , , .

. () , .

, , , , , .

. () , , , .

.

, , , .

. , , .

, , , , , .

(1-2 ) .

( ) (- ).

.

 

 





:


: 2018-10-18; !; : 178 |


:

:

, , 1:10
==> ...

1710 - | 1640 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.028 .